Wersje
- 08-04-2024 - (2)
- 02-04-2024 - (1)
Słowa kluczowe
ESG
ESRS
bank
sustainability reporting
Jak cytować
Abstrakt
The aim of this article is to analyze the environmental disclosures of non-financial information presented in the selected Polish banks in terms of meeting the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) guidelines. The ESRS reporting standards, adopted by the European Commission in July 2023, not only introduced an increase in the scope of reporting but also clearly defined the information to be disclosed in reports that banks are obligated to submit. The research method used was a critical analysis of the subject-matter literature, and, in the empirical part, a method of analyzing information posted on bank websites was assumed. Among the analyzed entities, 23 banks operating in Poland, functioning in the form of joint-stock companies, were taken into consideration. Research has shown that the required data is contained in various documents published by banks, and their availability on websites is relatively low. The scope of environmental disclosures was assessed as insufficient in relation to the ESRS guidelines. The highest number of disclosures occurred in the “Climate” area and the lowest in the “Biodiversity and Ecosystems” area, which may stem from the specificity of the banks' activities. The conducted research revealed that banks were inadequately prepared for reporting that takes into account ESRS guidelines.
Bibliografia
Ahmed, S. U., Ahmed, S. P., Hasan I., (2018). Why banks should consider ESG risk factors in bank lending? Banks and Bank Systems, 13(3). 71-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.13(3).2018.07
Bank Ochrony Środowiska S. A. (2023, August 18). Raport ESG Banku Ochrony Środowiska SA za 2022 rok. www.bosbank.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/55741/RAPORT-ESG-2022.pdf (in Polish).
Bank Pekao. (2023). Sprawozdanie z działalności Grupy Kapitałowej Banku Pekao S.A. za 2022 rok (sporządzone łącznie ze Sprawozdaniem działalności Banki Pekao S.A.). https://www.pekao.com.pl/dam/jcr:a69613dc-1efd-4558-b1f9-25931869b22f/SzDZ_Grupy_Banku_Pekao_2022_fin.pdf (in Polish).
Biały, A. (2023, May 16). Jakie są różnice między CSR a ESG? https://www.esginfo.pl/jakie-sa-roznice-miedzy-csr-a-esg/ (in Polish).
Bitetto, A., & Cerchiello, P. (2023). Initial coin offerings and ESG: Allies or enemies? Finance Research Letters, 57, 10422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104227
Blanc, D., & Goyal, A. (2021, July 29). Latest edition of the Global Sustainable Investment Review confirms strong growth of ESG assets all over the world. https://gsh.cib.natixis.com/our-center-of-expertise/articles/latest-edition-of-the-global-sustainable-investment-review-confirms-strong-growth-of-esg-assets-all-over-the-world
BNP Paribas. (2023, August 8). Sprawozdanie Zarządu z działalności Grupy Kapitałowej BNP Paribas Bank Polska S.A. w 2022 r. Obejmujące sprawozdanie Zarządu z działalności BNP Paribas Bank Polska S.A. w 2022 r. www.bnpparibas.pl/_fileserver/item/1540887 (in Polish).
Bureau Veritas. (2023, July 17). Oświadczenie weryfikacyjne emisje gazów cieplarnianych. www.ing.pl/_fileserver/item/aoubvcp (in Polish).
Chen, Y.-F., Lin, F.-L., & Huang, W.-K. (2022). Environment, social and governance (ESG) and bank loan interest rates. Corporate Management Review, 42(2), 51-79. https://doi.org/10.53106/102873102022124202002
Chen, Z., & Xie, G. (2022). ESG disclosure and financial performance: Moderating role of ESG investors. International Review of Financial Analysis, 83, 102291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2022.102291
Citi Handlowy. (2023, August 18). Sprawozdanie z działalności Banku Handlowego w Warszawie S.A. oraz Grupy Kapitałowej Banku Handlowego w Warszawie S.A. w 2022 roku. https://www.citibank.pl/poland/homepage/raport_roczny_2022/files/sprawozdanie-z-dzialalnosci_2022.pdf (in Polish).
Credit Agricole Bank Polska S.A. (2023, August 9). Na rzecz klientów i społeczeństwa. Raport Odpowiedzialnego Biznesu 2022 Credit Agricole Bank Polska S.A. https://static.credit-agricole.pl/asset/c/a/-/ca-raport-2022-pl_26709.pdf (in Polish).
de Souza Barbosa, A., da Silva, M. C. B. C., da Silva, L. B., Morioka, S. N., & de Souza, V. F. (2023). Integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria: their impacts on corporate sustainability performance. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10, 410. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01919-0
Di Tommaso, C., & Thornton, J. (2020). Do ESG scores effect bank risk taking and value? Evidence from European banks. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(5), 2286-2298. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1964
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48, 147-160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101
Directive (EU) 2014/95 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 amending Directive 2013/34/EU as regards disclosure of non-financial and diversity information by certain large undertakings and groups, Pub. L. No. 32014L0095, 330 OJ L (2014). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/95/oj
Directive (EU) 2022/2464 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 amending Regulation (EU) No 537/2014, Directive 2004/109/EC, Directive 2006/43/EC and Directive 2013/34/EU, as regards corporate sustainability reporting, Pub. L. No. 32022L2464, 322 OJ L (2022). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32022L2464
Du Rietz, S. (2018). Information vs knowledge. Corporate accountability in environmental, social, and governance issues. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 31(2), 586-607. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-01-2013-1198
Dunbar, K., Treku, D., Sarnie, R., & Hoover, J. (2023). What does ESG risk premia tell us about mutual fund sustainability levels: A difference-in-differences analysis. Finance Research Letters, 57, 104262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104262
Edelman. (2023). 2023 Edelman Trust Barometer. Global Report. https://www.edelman.com/sites/g/files/aatuss191/files/2023-03/2023%20Edelman%20Trust%20Barometer%20Global%20Report%20FINAL.pdf
Ersoy, E., Swiecka, B., Grima, S., Özen, E., & Romanova, I. (2021). The Impact of ESG Scores on Bank Market Value? Evidence from the U.S. Banking Industry. Sustainability, 14(15), 9527. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159527
European Commission. (2023a). Commission Delegated Regulation (Eu) …/... of 31.7.2023 supplementing Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards sustainability reporting standards, Pub. L. No. C(2023)5303. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=PI_COM%3AC%282023%295303
European Commission. (2023b). ANNEX 1 to the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) .../... supplementing Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards sustainability reporting standards. https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-12481-2023-ADD-1/en/pdf
Filek, J. (2014). Wprowadzenie do etyki biznesu. Cracow: Publishing House of the Cracow University of Economics. (in Polish).
Fiordelisi, F., Galloppo, G., Lattanzio, G., & Paimanova, V. (2023). Looking at socially responsible investment strategies through the lenses of the global ETF industry. Journal of International Money and Finance, 137, 102917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2023.102917
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic Management. A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.
FSI. (2004). Who Cares Wins. Connecting Financial Markets to a Changing World. www.unepfi.org/fileadmin/events/2004/stocks/who_cares_wins_global_compact_2004.pdf
FSIN. (2023, May 2). Global Report on Food Crises 2023. https://www.fsinplatform.org/grfc2023
Global Sustainable Investment Alliance. (2021). Global Sustainable Investment Review 2020. www.gsi-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/GSIR-20201.pdf
GRI. (2023, August 14). Our mission and history. www.globalreporting.org/about-gri/mission-history/
Grupa Banku Millennium. (2023, August 10). Raport ESG Banku Millennium i Grupy Banku Millennium za 2022 rok. www.bankmillennium.pl/documents/10184/31803676/Raport_ESG_za_rok_2022.pdf (in Polish).
Grupa Kapitałowa ING Bank Śląski S.A. (2021). Wykaz emisji gazów cieplarnianych. Grupa Kapitałowa ING Bank Śląski S.A. Lata 2019-2021. www.ing.pl/_fileserver/item/1mrw7bw (in Polish).
Grupa Kapitałowa ING Bank Śląski S.A. (2023a, August 30). Sprawozdanie na temat informacji niefinansowych Grupy Kapitałowej ING Banku Śląskiego S.A. w 2022 roku. Obejmujące informacje niefinansowe ING Banku Śląskiego S.A. https://www.bankier.pl/static/att/emitent/2023-03/PL-Sprawozdanie-inf-niefinansowe-Grupy-ING-Bank-Slaski-SA-2022_202303171745222865.xhtml (in Polish).
Grupa Kapitałowa ING Bank Śląski S.A. (2023b, July 17). Sprawozdanie Zarządu z działalności Grupy Kapitałowej ING Banku Śląskiego S.A. w 2022 roku. Obejmujące sprawozdanie z działalności ING Banku Śląskiego S.A. www.ing.pl/_fileserver/item/aptkduq#_Deklaracja_Ekologicznam (in Polish).
Grupa mBank S.A. (2023, August 8). Sprawozdanie Zarządu z działalności Grupy mBanku S.A. w 2022 roku. Obejmujące Sprawozdanie Zarządu z działalności mBanku S.A. www.mbank.pl/pdf/relacje-inwestorskie/raport-roczny/2022/raport-skonsolidowany-pdf.zip (in Polish).
Hao, S., Ren, C., & Zhang, L. (2022). Research on Performance Evaluation of Coal Enterprises Based on Grounded Theory, Entropy Method and Cloud Model from the Perspective of ESG. Sustainability, 14(18), 11526. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811526
Heydarian, H., & Mohammadi, S. (2022). The link between ESG and financial performance of the Nordic banks. An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between ESG Scores and Financial Performance of the Banks in the Nordic Region [Master thesis]. Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen. https://openaccess.nhh.no/nhh-xmlui/handle/11250/3050609
Huang, D. Z. X. (2021). Environmental, social and governance (ESG) activity and firm performance: a review and consolidation. Accounting & Finance, 61(1), 335-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12569
INFOR. (2023, June 22). CSR i ESG – czym się różnią? Rośnie znaczenie ESG – czy CSR jest nadal ważna? https://ksiegowosc.infor.pl/obrot-gospodarczy/dzialalnosc-gospodarcza/5771312,csr-i-esg-czym-sie-roznia-rosnie-znaczenie-esg-czy-csr-jest-nadal-wazna.html (in Polish).
IPCC. (2023). AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/
Jonsdottir, B., Sigurjonsson, T. O., Johannsdottir, L., & Wendt, S. (2022). Barriers to Using ESG Data for Investment Decisions. Sustainability, 14(9), 5157. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095157
Komisja Nadzoru Finansowego. (2023, August 3). Banki w formie spółek akcyjnych. https://www.knf.gov.pl/podmioty/Podmioty_sektora_bankowego/Banki_w_formie_spolek_akcyjnych (in Polish).
Korca, B., Costa, E., & Bouten, L. (2023). Disentangling the concept of comparability in sustainability reporting. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 14(4), 815-851. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-05-2022-0284
Kucharczyk, K. (2021, October 28). Biznes z ludzką twarzą procentuje. www.rp.pl/forum-esg/art19060361-biznes-z-ludzka-twarza-procentuje (in Polish).
Mandas, M., Lahmar, O., Piras, L., & De Lisa, R. (2023). ESG in the financial industry: What matters for rating analysts? Research in International Business and Finance, 66, 102045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.102045
Menicucci, E., & Paolucci, G. (2023). ESG dimensions and bank performance: an empirical investigation in Italy. Corporate Governance, 23(3), 563-586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/CG-03-2022-0094
Mousa, G. A., & Hassan, N. T. (2015). Legitimacy Theory and Environmental Practices: Short Notes. International Journal of Business and Statistical Analysis, 2(1), 41-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/IJBSA/020104
Nest Bank S.A. (2023, August 18). Sprawozdanie Zarządu z działalności Banku za rok zakończony dnia 31 grudnia 2022 roku. https://a.storyblok.com/f/129853/x/5f0520c470/nest-bank_sprawozdaniezarzadu_solo_2022.pdf (in Polish).
ONZ. (1991). Nasza wspólna przyszłość. Raport Światowej Komisji do spraw Środowiska i Rozwoju. Warszawa: PWE. (in Polish).
PKN. (2023). Norma PN-EN ISO 26000. Wytyczne dotyczące społecznej odpowiedzialności. Warszawa: PKN. (in Polish).
PKO Bank Polski S.A. (2023, August 8). Sprawozdanie Zarządu z działalności Grupy Kapitałowej PKO Banku Polskiego S.A. za 2022 rok sporządzone łącznie ze sprawozdaniem Zarządu z działalności PKO Banku Polskiego S.A. www.pkobp.pl/media_files/72b78b14-4aa9-4c6f-b88b-4d5146b3fef1.pdf (in Polish).
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, 89, 2-17. https://www.communitylivingbc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Creating-Shared-Value.pdf
PRI. (2023, August 14). About the PRI. www.unpri.org/about-us/about-the-pri
Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on sustainability‐related disclosures in the financial services sector, Pub. L. No. 32019R2088, 317 OJ L (2019). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/2088/oj
Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2020 on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment, and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088, Pub. L. No. 32020R0852, 198 OJ L (2020). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2020/852/oj
Santander Bank Polska S.A. (2023a, August 9). Raport ESG 2022 Santander Bank Polska S.A. https://esg.santander.pl/2022/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2023/06/SBPRaportESG2022pl.pdf (in Polish).
Santander Bank Polska S.A. (2023b, August 18). Sprawozdanie Zarządu z działalności Grupy Kapitałowej Santander Bank Polska S.A. w 2022 r. (obejmujące sprawozdanie z działalności Santander Bank Polska S.A.). https://www.santander.pl/regulation_file_server/time20230222083502/download?id=165113&lang=pl_PL (in Polish).
Skłodowska, M. (2022, November 16). Firmy chcą zmniejszyć ślad węglowy. Czy tylko na papierze? https://wysokienapiecie.pl/78232-firmy-chca-zmniejszyc-slad-weglowy/ (in Polish).
Sotos, M. (2023, August 8). GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance. Executive summary. https://ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/2022-12/Scope2_ExecSum_Final.pdf
Sultana, S., Zulkifli, N., & Zainal, D. (2018). Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) and Investment Decision in Bangladesh. Sustainability, 10(6), 1831. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061831
Szewczyk, Ł., & Szustak, G. (2023). Disclosure of Non-Financial Information in Banks – an ESG Perspective. Regulatory Requirements and Banking Practice. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia, 57(2), 157-174. https://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_17951_h_2023_57_2_157-174
UNDP. (2022). 2022 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI): Unpacking deprivation bundles to reduce multidimensional poverty. https://hdr.undp.org/content/2022-global-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi#/indicies/MPI
Wan, G., Dawod, A. Y., Chanaim, S., & Ramasamy, S. S. (2023). Hotspots and trends of environmental, social and governance (ESG) research: a bibliometric analysis. Data Science and Management, 6(2), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsm.2023.03.001
Wang, L., Ji, Y., & Ni, Z. (2023). Spillover of stock price crash risk: Do environmental, social and governance (ESG) matter? International Review of Financial Analysis, 89, 102768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102768
Wierzchowska, M. (2023, June 28). Rosnące koszty życia paradoksalnie przyspieszają wdrożenie koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju. www.ey.com/pl_pl/news/2023/06/ey-future-consumer-index-2023-zrownowazony-rozwoj (in Polish).
World Economic Forum. (2023, August 14). The Global Risks Report 2023. 18th Edition. Insight report. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risks_Report_2023.pdf?_gl=1*hnbhfa*_up*MQ..&gclid=CjwKCAjw_uGmBhBREiwAeOfsd96povd_AMpQjDjybKVAjZhCjvkGMIIDIN1awiTHeMlcHlgMvDjd3hoCB0IQAvD_BwE
World Resources Institute & World Business Council for Sustainable Development. (2023, August 8). Technical Guidance for Calculating Scope 3 Emissions. Supplement to the Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3). Accounting & Reporting Standard. https://ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/2023-03/Scope3_Calculation_Guidance_0%5B1%5D.pdf
WWF. (2022). The Living Planet Report 2022. Building a nature positive society. https://wwflpr.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/lpr_2022_full_report.pdf
Zhang, Q., Ding, R., Chen, D., & Zhang, X. (2023). The effects of mandatory ESG disclosure on price discovery efficiency around the world. International Review of Financial Analysis, 89, 102811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102811
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Na tych samych warunkach 4.0 Miedzynarodowe.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2024 Czasopismo "Economics and Environment"