Słowa kluczowe
business models
semi-structured interviews
systematic literature review
CAWI
Jak cytować
Abstrakt
This article provides the first research on the importance of technological and environmental factors in the context of innovation and strategic management in the film industry. The study employs semi structured interviews, a systematic literature review (SLR) and a computer-assisted web interview (CAWI). First, based on the interviews and SLR, it identifies the most important technological and environmental film business model adaption factors, four in each category. Then, the CAWI results indicate that technological factors supported by social and economic changes substantially impact the film business models, while environmental factors are of minor importance, although noticeable. As with any research, ours also has some limitations. The surveys were conducted with a limited number of experts who agreed to participate in the study. At the same time, the findings of SLR depend on the researchers’ choice of searched keywords, the language of the scrutinised texts and the selection of databases.
Bibliografia
Abbatescianni, D. (2022, April 26). How to make European distribution greener and more sustainable? Europa Distribution. https://www.europa-distribution.org/how-to-make-european-distribution-greener-and-more-sustainable/
Aguiar, L., & Waldfogel, J. (2018). Netflix: global hegemon or facilitator of frictionless digital trade? Journal of Cultural Economics, 42(3), 419-445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-017-9315-z
Anagnostopulu, A. (2024, July 18). W takiej Polsce będą żyć twoje dzieci. Nie będzie litości ze strony klimatu. Business Insider. https://businessinsider.com.pl/technologie/nauka/wojny-o-wode-pozary-jak-w-grecji-i-tropikalne-choroby-jak-zmieni-sie-klimat-w-polsce/qs6m02v (in Polish).
Arup. (2020, September). A screen new deal a route map to sustainable film production. https://www.arup.com/perspectives/publications/research/section/a-screen-new-deal-a-route-map-to-sustainable-film-production
Barrett, D., & Heale, R. (2020). What are Delphi studies? Evidence-Based Nursing, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.1136/ebnurs-2020-103303
Batmunkh, A. (2022). Carbon Footprint of The Most Popular Social Media Platforms. Sustainability, 14(4), 2195. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042195
Bērziņš, G. (2015). Strategic Management in Creative Industry Organizations: Specifics in Strategic Decision Making. Management of Organisations: Systematic Research, 0(62). https://www.vdu.lt/cris/bitstreams/741bf8d4-f78a-4f92-ac9c-6ea7cd88c7ee/download
Bhargava, H. K., & Choudhary, V. (2004). Economics of an information intermediary with aggregation benefits. Information Systems Research, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1040.0014
Bolger, F., & Wright, G. (2017). Use of expert knowledge to anticipate the future: Issues, analysis and directions. International Journal of Forecasting, 33(1), 230-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2016.11.001
Bucherer, E., Eisert, U., & Gassmann, O. (2012). Towards Systematic Business Model Innovation: Lessons from Product Innovation Management. Creativity and Innovation Management, 21(2), 183-198. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2012.00637.x
Carrera-Rivera, A., Ochoa, W., Larrinaga, F., & Lasa, G. (2022). How to conduct a systematic literature review: A quick guide for computer science research. Methods X, 9, 101895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2022.101895
Chapain, C., & Stryjakiewicz, T. (2017). Creative industries in Europe: Drivers of new sectoral and spatial dynamics. Berlin: Springer.
Clement, M., Otten, C., Seifert, R., Kleinen, O., Houston, M. B., Karniouchina, E. V., & Heller, C. (2020). IDEA FORUM: the impact of subscription-based video on demand on traditional distributors’ value chains and business models. Journal of Media Economics, 31(1-2), 50-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2020.1796687
Clinton, L., & Whisnant, R. (2019). Business Model Innovations for Sustainability. In G.G. Lenssen & N.C. Smith (Eds.), Managing Sustainable Business (pp. 463-503). Springer.
Colbjørnsen, T. (2021). The Streaming Network: Conceptualizing Distribution Economy, Technology, and Power in Streaming Media Services. Convergence, 27 (5), 1264-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856520966911
D’Urso, F. (2022). Green Policies and New Green Protocols for the Audiovisual Industry Promoted in Italy By State and Regions. Comunicazioni Sociali, 2, 164-179.
Daidj, N., & Egert, C. (2018). Towards new coopetition-based business models? The case of Netflix in the French market. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 20(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1108/jrme-11-2016-0049
Eliashberg, J., Elberse, A., & Leenders, M. A. A. M. (2006). The Motion Picture Industry : Critical Issues in Practice, Current Research, and New Research Direction. Marketing Science, 25(6), 638-661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1050.0177
Feigenbaum, B. H. (2021). Hollywood's changing business model and the future of cultural diversity. In A. Kellow, T. Porter & K. Ronit (Eds.), Handbook of Business and Public Policy (pp. 298-308). Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979122.00025
Genis-Gruber, A., & Öğüt, H. (2014). Environmental Factors Affecting Innovation Strategies of Companies: Customers and Suppliers Effect. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 718-725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.033
Goritsas, H., & Tiwary A. (2019). The Evolution of Matchbox Pictures. In F. Collins, J. Landman & S. Bye (Eds.), A Companion to Australian Cinema (pp. 416-41). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118942567.ch20
Governo, F., Teixeira, A. A. C., & Brochado, A. M. (2017). Social Multimedia Computing: An Emerging Area of Research and Business for Films. Journal of Creative Communications, 12(1), 31-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973258616688967
Guo, X., Liang, C., Umar, M., & Mirza, N. (2022). The impact of fossil fuel divestments and energy transitions on mutual funds performance. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 176, 121429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121429
Hadida, A. L., Lampel, J., Walls, W. D., & Joshi, A. (2021). Hollywood studio filmmaking in the age of Netflix: a tale of two institutional logics. Journal of Cultural Economics, 45(2), 213-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-020-09379-z
Hu, J., Xu, J., Tong, L., & Razi, U. (2022). The dynamic role of film and drama industry, green innovation towards the sustainable environment in China: fresh insight from NARDL approach. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 35(1), 5292-5309. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2026239
Jiménez-Morales, M., & Lopera-Mármol, M. (2022). Greening and Celebrification: The New Dimension of Celebrities through Green Production Advocacy. Sustainability, 14(24), 16843. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416843
Kagerbauer, M., Manz, W., & Zumkeller, D. (2013). Analysis of PAPI, CATI, and CAWI Methods for a Multiday Household Travel Survey. In J. Zmud, M. Lee-Gosselin, M. Munizaga & J.A. Carrasco (Eds.), Transport Survey Methods: Best Practice for Decision Making (pp. 115-154). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Kehoe, K., & Mateer, J. (2015). The Impact of Digital Technology on the Distribution Value Chain Model of Independent Feature Films in the U.K. JMM International Journal on Media Management, 17(2), 93-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2015.1055533
Kim, D., & Yamashita, T. (2022). The Dilemma of Current Business Models in the Japanese Film Market: Causes and Solutions: An Abstract. In J. Allen, B. Jochims & S. Wu (Eds.), Celebrating the Past and Future of Marketing and Discovery with Social Impact (pp. 531-532). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95346-1_171
Kourtit, K., Nijkamp, P., & de Waal, A. A. (2009). Strategic performance management and creative industry. International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy, 5(1-3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFIP.2009.022099
KZN Film Commission. (2017). A study on the environmental impact and resource use of the film industry. South Africa: Kwazulu Natal Film Commission. https://kznfilm.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/A-STUDY-ON-THE-ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT-AND-RESOURCE-USE-OF-THE-FILM-INDUSTRY.pdf
Lazzeretti, L. (2022). What is the role of culture in facing the digital revolution challenge? Some reflections for a research agenda. European Planning Studies, 30(9), 1617-1637. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2020.1836133
Lee, S., & Choeh, J. Y. (2020). Movie Production Efficiency Moderating between Online Word-of-Mouth and Subsequent Box Office Revenue. Sustainability, 12(16), 6602. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166602
Li, F. (2020). The digital transformation of business models in the creative industries: A holistic framework and emerging trends. Technovation, 92-93, 102012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2017.12.004
Lupu, R., Komorowski, M., Lewis, J., Mothersdale, G., & Pepper, S. (2023). Greening the Audiovisual Sector: Towards a New Understanding through Innovation Practices in Wales and Beyond. Sustainability, 15(4), 2975. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042975
Mauksch, S., von der Gracht, H. A., & Gordon, T. J. (2020). Who is an expert for foresight? A review of identification methods. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 154, 119982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119982
McGrath, R. G. (2010). Business models: A discovery driven approach. Long Range Planning, 43(23), 247-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2009.07.005
Meilani, M. (2021). Sustainability and eco-friendly movement in movie production. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 794(1), 012075. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/794/1/012075
Noor, H. (2023, May 21). Environmental Impacts of The Film Industry. ENVPK. https://www.envpk.com/environmental-impacts-of-the-film-industry/
Obringer, R., Rachunok, B., Maia-Silva, D., Arbabzadeh, M., Nateghi, R., & Madani, K. (2021). The overlooked environmental footprint of increasing Internet use. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 167, 105389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105389
Oguamanam, C. (2020). Nollywood phenomenon: “The Nollywood phenomenon: Innovation, openness, and technological opportunism in the modelling of successful African entrepreneurship”. The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 23(3-4), 518-545. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12162
Orankiewicz, A., & Bartosiewicz, A. (2023). The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Adoption Factors of Film Distribution Business Models in the Context of Sustainability. Sustainability, 15(15), 11721. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511721
Paddison, L., & Gretener, J. (2023, May 17). ‘Sounding the alarm’: World on track to breach a critical warming threshold in the next five years. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/17/world/global-warming-breach-wmo-climate-intl/index.html
Pardo, A. (2013). Digital Hollywood: How Internet and Social Media Are Changing the Movie Business. In M. Fridrichsen & W. Mühl-Benninghaus (Eds.), Handbook of Social Media Management (pp. 329-348). Berlin: Springer.
Parkman, I. D., Holloway, S. S., & Sebastiao, H. (2012). Creative industries: Aligning entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capacity. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 95-114. https://doi.org/10.1108/14715201211246823
Salvador, E., Simon, J. P., & Benghozi, P. J. (2019). Facing disruption: The cinema value chain in the digital age. International Journal of Arts Management, 22(1), 25-40. https://hal.science/hal-02300929/document
Sandqvist, U. (2015). The Games They are a Changin’: New Business Models and Transformation Within the Video Game Industry. Humanities and Social Sciences Latvia, 23(2), 4-20. https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lu.lv%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2Flu_portal%2Fapgads%2FPDF%2FHum_Soc_2015_2_.pdf?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19
Sassi, M., & Haldma, T. (2017). Factors affecting strategic management attitudes and practices in creative industries organisations. Encatc Journal of Cultural Management & Policy, 7(1). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marge-Sassi-2/publication/328466727_Factors_affecting_strategic_management_attitudes_and_practices_in_creative_industries_organisations/links/5bcfba7792851c1816bc823d/Factors-affecting-strategic-management-attitudes-and-practices-in-creative-industries-organisations.pdf
Schulz, A., Eder, A., Tiberius, V., Solorio, S. C., Fabro, M., & Brehmer, N. (2021). The Digitalization of Motion Picture Production and Its Value Chain Implications. Journalism and Media, 2(3), 397-416. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia2030024
Schumpeter, J. A. (1939). Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
Shattuc, J. (2019). Netflix, Inc. and online television. In J. Wasco & E.R. Meehan (Eds.), A Companion to Television (pp. 145-164). Wiley Publishing.
Shu, X., Li, M., Ma, Z., & Qureshi, M. A. (2022). The asymmetric effect of film and drama industry, energy efficiency and economic growth on green innovation: Empirical evidence from quantile estimation. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 35(1), 5581-5598. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2032784
Silver, J., & McDonnell, J. (2007). Are movie theaters doomed? Do exhibitors see the big picture as theatres lose their competitive advantage? Business Horizons, 50(6), 491-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2007.07.004
Simon, J. P., Benghozi, P. J., & Salvador, E. (2015). The new middlemen of the digital age: The case of cinema. Info, 17(6), 97-115. https://doi.org/10.1108/info-04-2015-0023
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Sørensen, I. E., & Noonan, C. (2022). Production, policy and power: the screen industry’s response to the environmental crisis. Media, Culture and Society, 44(1), 172-184. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437211065697
Souza, I., & Romero, F. (2021). Strategic Innovation Management at Netflix: A Case Study. Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lisboa, Portugal, 112, 955-962. https://doi.org/10.34190/EIE.21.206
Vitkauskaitė, I. (2023). Criteria for the Evaluation of Innovativeness of Independent Film Production Company in the Perspective of Creativity. Creativity Studies, 16(1), 50-78. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2023.15054
Voigt, K. I., Buliga, O., & Michl, K. (2017). Entertainment on Demand: The Case of Netflix. In K.-I. Voigt, O. Buliga & K. Michl (Eds.), Business Model Pioneers (pp. 127-141). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38845-8_11
Zhu, K. (2001). Internet-based Distribution of Digital Videos: The Economic Impacts of Digitization on the Motion Picture Industry. Electronic Markets, 11(4), 273-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/101967801753405562
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Na tych samych warunkach 4.0 Miedzynarodowe.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2024 Czasopismo "Economics and Environment"