Słowa kluczowe
transshipment
circular economy
efficiency evaluation
Malmquist DEA Method
Jak cytować
Abstrakt
This study evaluates the transshipment productivity of circular waste in six Polish seaports between 2013 and 2022 using the Malmquist Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The model is output-oriented and incorporates transshipped waste volumes as outputs, while inputs include quay length, maximum permissible draft, and maximum ship length. The results show that Gdynia achieved the highest productivity growth (+9.9%), followed by Darłowo (+2.8%) and Szczecin (+1%). In contrast, Świnoujście and Kołobrzeg experienced notable declines. Gdynia and Szczecin exhibited constant scale efficiency, while others suffered from scale disadvantages. Overall, total productivity increased slightly (+0.3%) over the decade, primarily due to technological change. Peaks in productivity in 2015 and 2020 correlated with significant technological improvements. These findings have practical policy implications: port authorities can benchmark their operations, identify inefficiencies, and tailor infrastructure investments to optimise the handling of circular waste. The results suggest that smaller, secondary ports – often overlooked in port research - can play a strategic role in circular supply chains if supported by proper planning and targeted modernisation. The application of Malmquist DEA in this novel cargo category and port group demonstrates the model’s potential for sustainable performance evaluation in complex logistics environments.
Bibliografia
Barros, C., Chen, Z., Antunes, J. J. M., & Wanke, P. (2018). Malmquist productivity indexes in Chinese ports: A fuzzy GMSS DEA approach. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 10(2), 202–226. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSTL.2018.10010282
Ben Mabrouk, M., Elmsalmi, M., Aljuaid, A. M., Hachicha, W., & Hammami, S. (2022). Joined efficiency and productivity evaluation of Tunisian commercial seaports using DEA-based approaches. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(5), 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050626
Berhe, E., Abebe, B. G., & Azene, D. K. (2015). A new perspective on productivity measurement. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 28(1-2), 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2015.1053804
Castellano, R., Ferretti, M., Musella, G., & Risitano, M. (2020). Evaluating the economic and environmental efficiency of ports: Evidence from Italy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 271, 122560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122560
Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8
Cudečka-Puriña, N., Atstāja, D., Koval, V., Purviņš, M., Nesenenko, P., & Tkach, O. (2022). Achievement of sustainable development goals through the implementation of the circular economy and developing regional cooperation. Energies, 15(11), 4072. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15114072
Czermański, E., Kotowska, I., Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek, A., Pluciński, M., & Szaruga, E. (2024). Factors influencing the adoption of circular economy practices in Polish seaports: An analysis of determinants and challenges. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11, 1465204. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1465204
Dantas, T. E. T., de-Souza, E. D., Destro, I. R., Hammes, G., Rodriguez, C. M. T., & Soares, S. R. (2021). How the combination of circular economy and Industry 4.0 can contribute towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 26, 213–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.10.005
de Langen, P., & Sornn-Friese, H. (2019). Ports and the circular economy. In R. Bergqvist & J. Monios (Eds.), Green ports: Inland and seaside sustainable transportation strategies (pp. 85–108). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814054-3.00005-0
Ding, L., Lei, L., Wang, L., & Zhang, L. (2020). Assessing industrial circular economy performance and its dynamic evolution: An extended Malmquist index based on cooperative game network DEA. Science of the Total Environment, 731, 139001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139001
Donner, M., Gohier, R., & de Vries, H. (2020). A new circular business model typology for creating value from agro-waste. Science of the Total Environment, 716, 137065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137065
Nguyen, D., Gyei-Kark, P., & Choi, P.-H. (2019). The performance analysis of container terminals in Vietnam using DEA-Malmquist. Journal of Navigation and Port Research, 43(2), 101–109. https://doi.org/10.5394/KINPR.2019.43.2.101
Fassio, F., & Tecco, N. (2019). Circular economy for food: A systemic interpretation of 40 case histories in the food system in their relationships with SDGs. Systems, 7(3), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems7030043
Francis, O., & Visser, R. (2020). Estimating the influence of extraction method and processing location on forest harvesting efficiency - A categorical DEA approach. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 6(2), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.722822
Geissdoerfer, M., Morioka, S. N., Carvalho, M. M. D., & Evans, S. (2018). Business models and supply chains for the circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 190, 712–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.159
González-Cancelas, N., Guil López, J. J., Vaca-Cabrero, J., & Camarero-Orive, A. (2025). Toward smart and sustainable port operations: A blue ocean strategy approach for the Spanish port system. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(5), 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050872
Goyal, S., Chauhan, S., & Mishra, P. (2020). Circular economy research: A bibliometric analysis (2000–2019) and future research insights. Journal of Cleaner Production, 287, 125011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125011
Goyal, S., Esposito, M., & Kapoor, A. (2018). Circular economy business models in developing economies: Lessons from India on reduce, recycle, and reuse paradigms. Thunderbird International Business Review, 60(5), 729–740. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21883
Guajardo, S. A. (2015). Assessing organizational efficiency and workforce diversity. Public Personnel Management, 44(2), 239–265. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026015575179
Gupta, S., Chen, H., Hazen, B. T., Kaur, S., & González, E. D. S. (2018). Circular economy and big data analytics: A stakeholder perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 144, 466–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.06.030
Huang, L. (2022). Research on logistics efficiency of Chinese ports above designated size based on DEA-Malmquist index. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Enterprise Management and Economic Development (pp. 113–118). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220603.020
Kunambi, M. M., & Zheng, H. (2024). Contextual comparative analysis of Dar es Salaam and Mombasa port performance by using a hybrid DEA(CVA) model. Logistics, 8(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8010002
Mańkowska, M., Kotowska, I., & Pluciński, M. (2020). Seaports as nodal points of circular supply chains: Opportunities and challenges for secondary ports. Sustainability, 12(9), 3926. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093926
Mańkowska, M., Pluciński, M., & Kotowska, I. (2021). Biomass sea-based supply chains and the secondary ports in the era of decarbonization. Energies, 14(7), 1796. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14071796
Medina-Mijangos, R., Zein, S., Rojas, H. R. G. G., & Seguí, L. (2021). The economic assessment of the environmental and social impacts generated by a light packaging and bulky waste sorting and treatment facility in Spain: A circular economy example. Environmental Sciences Europe, 33(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00519-6
Mehta, S. (2023). Circular economy and sustainable development goals. MET Management Review, 10, 24–29. https://doi.org/10.34047/mmr.2020.10103
Merk, O. M., & Dang, T.-T. (2012). Efficiency of world ports in container and bulk cargo (oil, coal, ores and grain). OECD Regional Development Working Papers, 9. https://doi.org/10.1787/5k92vgw39zs2-en
Molavi, A., Lim, G. J., & Race, B. (2019). A framework for building a smart port and smart port index. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 14(9), 686–700. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2019.1610919
Murray, A., Skene, K., & Haynes, K. (2015). The circular economy: An interdisciplinary exploration of the concept and application in a global context. Journal of Business Ethics, 140(3), 369–380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2693-2
Nadarajan, D., Ahmed, S. A. M., & Noor, N. F. M. (2023). Seaport network efficiency measurement using triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy data envelopment analyses with liner shipping connectivity index output. Mathematics, 11(6), 1454. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11061454
Nguyen, P. H., Nguyen, T. L., Nguyen, T. G., Nguyen, D. T., Tran, T. H., Le, H. C., & Phung, H. T. (2022). A cross-country European efficiency measurement of maritime transport: A data envelopment analysis approach. Axioms, 11(5), 206. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11050206
Notteboom, T., Pallis, A., & Rodrigue, J.-P. (2022). Port economics, management and policy (1st ed.). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429318184
Odeck, J., & Schøyen, H. (2020). Productivity and convergence in Norwegian container seaports: An SFA-based Malmquist productivity index approach. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 137, 222–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.05.001
Olesen, O. B., Petersen, N. C., & Podinovski, V. V. (2022). Scale characteristics of variable returns-to-scale production technologies with ratio inputs and outputs. Annals of Operations Research, 318, 383–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04862-6
Osundiran, A. O., & Okonta, F. (2018). Malmquist data envelopment analysis as a tool to evaluate the productivity levels of container ports in developing countries located in East and Southern Africa. Central European Review of Economics & Management, 2(2), 81–99. https://doi.org/10.29015/CEREM.573
Pannala, R. K. P. K., Bhanu Prakash, N., & Mogha, S. K. (2023). Efficiency measurement at major ports of India during the years 2013–14 to 2018–19: A comparison of results obtained from DEA model and DEA with Shannon entropy technique. In M. Thakur, S. Agnihotri, B.S. Rajpurohit, M. Pant, K. Deep & A.K. Nagar (Eds.) Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (547, pp. 603–614). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6525-8_46
Pla-Julián, I., & Guevara, S. (2019). Is circular economy the key to transitioning towards sustainable development? Challenges from the perspective of care ethics. Futures, 105, 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.09.001
Pham, T. Q. M., & Kim, H. (2022). Analysis of efficiency and productivity for major Korean seaports using PCA-DEA model. Journal of Korea Port Economic Association, 38(2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.38121/KPEA.2022.3.38.2.123
Rabat, A., Bonnet, P., Drissi, K. E. K., & Girard, S. (2017). Analytical models for electromagnetic coupling of an open metallic shield containing a loaded wire. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 59(5), 1634–1637. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2017.2661579
Roberts, T., Williams, I., Preston, J., Clarke, N., Odum, M., & O'Gorman, S. (2021). A virtuous circle? Increasing local benefits from ports by adopting circular economy principles. Sustainability, 13(13), 7079. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137079
Rodriguez-Anton, J. M., Rubio-Andrada, L., Celemín-Pedroche, M. S., & Alonso-Almeida, M. D. M. (2019). Analysis of the relations between circular economy and Sustainable Development Goals. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 26(8), 708–720. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2019.1666754
Saini, N., Gandotra, N., Bajaj, R. K., & Dwivedi, R. P. (2020). Ranking of decision-making units in Pythagorean fuzzy CCR model using data envelopment analysis. Materials Today: Proceedings, 33(7), 3884–3888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.243
Schroeder, P., Anggraeni, K., & Weber, U. (2019). The relevance of circular economy practices to the Sustainable Development Goals. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 23(1), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12732
Seth, S., & Feng, Q. (2020). Assessment of port efficiency using stepwise selection and window analysis in data envelopment analysis. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 22, 536–561. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41278-020-00155-6
Singh, S., Solkhe, A., & Gautam, P. (2022). What do we know about employee productivity? Insights from bibliometric analysis. Journal of Scientometric Research, 11(2), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.5530/jscires.11.2.20
Siregar, D. I., Hinggo, T. H., & Zaki, H. (2019). Circular economy framework in recycling company: Exploratory study. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Contemporary Islamic Studies (ICCEIST 2019) (pp. 75-78). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/iccelst-ss-19.2019.16
Sharma, S. (2014). Productivity or production: Appraising growth solution for Indian SMEs. International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences, 3(3), 1000185. https://doi.org/10.4172/2162-6359.1000185
Statistics Poland. (2024a, January 8). Transport - Activity results in 2022. https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/transport-and-communications/transport/transport-activity-results-in-2022,6,18.html
Statistics Poland. (2024b, January 8). Transport - Activity results in 2021. https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/transport-and-communications/transport/transport-activity-results-in-2021,6,17.html
Statistics Poland. (2024c, January 8). Transport - Activity results in 2020. https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/transport-and-communications/transport/transport-activity-results-in-2020,6,16.html
Statistics Poland. (2024d, January 8). Transport - Activity results in 2019. https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/transport-and-communications/transport/transport-activity-results-in-2019,6,15.html
Statistics Poland. (2024e, January 8). Transport - Activity results in 2018. https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/transport-and-communications/transport/transport-activity-results-in-2018,6,14.html
Statistics Poland. (2024f, January 8). Transport - Activity results in 2017. https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/transport-and-communications/transport/transport-activity-results-in-2017,6,13.html
Statistics Poland. (2024g, January 8). Transport - Activity results in 2016. https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/transport-and-communications/transport/transport-activity-results-in-2016,6,12.html
Statistics Poland. (2024h, January 8). Transport - Activity results in 2015. https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/transport-and-communications/transport/transport-activity-results-in-2015,6,11.html
Statistics Poland. (2024i, January 8). Transport - Activity results in 2014. https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/transport-and-communications/transport/transport-activity-results-in-2014,6,10.html
Statistics Poland. (2024j, January 8). Transport - Activity results in 2013. https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/transport-and-communications/transport/transport-activity-results-in-2013,6,9
Statistics Poland. (2024k, January 8). Transport - Activity results in 2012. https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/transport-and-communications/transport/transport-activity-results-in-2012,6,8.html
Teng, H. S. S. (2014). Qualitative productivity analysis: Does a non-financial measurement model exist? International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(2), 250–256. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-03-2013-0034
Tovar, B., & Wall, A. (2022). The relationship between port-level maritime connectivity and efficiency. Journal of Transport Geography, 98, 103213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103213
Tüzüner, Z., & Alp, İ. (2018). Comparison of solid waste management performances of Turkey and EU countries associated with Malmquist index. Politeknik Dergisi, 21(1), 75–81. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.386857
Urbinati, A., Chiaroni, D., & Chiesa, V. (2017). Towards a new taxonomy of circular economy business models. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168, 487–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.047
Urbinati, A., Rosa, P., Sassanelli, C., Chiaroni, D., & Terzi, S. (2020). Circular business models in the European manufacturing industry: A multiple case study analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 274, 122964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122964
Valverde, J.M., & Avilés-Palacios, C. (2021). Circular Economy as a Catalyst for Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals: A Positive Relationship between Two Self-Sufficient Variables. Sustainability, 13 https://doi.org/10.3390/SU132212652.
Wacker, J. G., Yang, C., & Sheu, C. (2006). Productivity of production labor, non-production labor, and capital: An international study. International Journal of Production Economics, 103(2), 863–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2005.12.012
Wang, C. N., Nguyen, P. H., Nguyen, T. L., Nguyen, T. G., Nguyen, D. T., Tran, T. H., Le, H. C., & Phung, H. T. (2022). A two-stage DEA approach to measure operational efficiency in Vietnam's port industry. Mathematics, 10(9), 1385. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10091385
Wang, C. N., Nguyen, N. A. T., Fu, H. P., Hsu, H. P., & Dang, T. T. (2021). Efficiency assessment of seaport terminal operators using DEA Malmquist and epsilon-based measure models. Axioms, 10(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms10020048
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Na tych samych warunkach 4.0 Miedzynarodowe.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Czasopismo "Economics and Environment"