Keywords
sustainable development
road accidents
fatalities and injured
How to Cite
Abstract
The objective of the research was to assess how selected factors influence road safety in Poland’s poviats. To that end, an analysis was conducted of road accident determinants and effects in the poviats in the years 2010-2019. The time horizon fits in with Goal 3.6. of Agenda 2030 which is to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents by 2020. The article presents the results of the analysis for the following determinants: the rate of car ownership by poviat, poviat spending on transport and length of road network, and quality of road infrastructure. The research problem was to establish which of the poviats are closest to achieving Goal 3.6. of Agenda 2030 and how likely it is, and, as a consequence, which of the poviats should step up their road safety policies to align them to the targets set out in the Agenda. To identify groups of poviats sharing similar characteristics, they were grouped using the k-means method. Five groups of poviats were identified and analysed for how their road safety indicators changed between 2010 and 2019. The results of the analysis show that the highest fatality reduction (-40%) was achieved by urban poviats with the highest per capita spending on transport. The same poviats, however, have the highest increases in serious injuries (+30%). The analyses show that Polish poviats are still far from achieving Goal 3.6 of Agenda 2030. The research results presented in the article are original for the poviat level.
References
Cafiso, S., Agostino, C. D.’, Kieć, M., & Pappalardo, G. (2017). Surrogate measure of safety from road inspection data – experimental test on Polish roads. Roads Bridg. – Drog. i Most. 16. https://doi.org/10.7409/rabdim.017.008
Ciołek, D. (2017). Gospodarka narodowa. Gospod. Nar. 3 (289), 55-87.
CUPT. (2022, March 30). Tablice kosztów jednostkowych do wykorzystania w analizach kosztów i korzyści. Cent. unijnych Proj. Transp. URL https://www.cupt.gov.pl/strefa-beneficjenta/wdrazanie-projektow/analiza-kosztow-i-korzysci/narzedzia/tablice-kosztow-jednostkowych-do-wykorzystania-w-analizach-kosztow-i-korzysci
Decae, R. (2021). Annual statistical report on road safety in the EU, 2020.
Eurostat. (2022, March 30). Database. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
Gis, M. (2022, March 30). Co czwarta przyczyna wypadków? Telefon komórkowy (2018). Gazeta.pl. https://moto.pl/MotoPL/7,88389,24079818,co-czwarta-przyczyna-wypadkow-telefon-komorkowy.html
Goniewicz, K., Goniewicz, M., & Pawłowski, W. (2019). Urazowość w wypadkach drogowych. Transp. Miej. i Reg. 59715, 15-18.
GUS. (2022, March 30). Bank Danych Lokalnych. Główny Urząd Stat. https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/start
Haddon, W., Jr. (1980). Advances in the epidemiology of injuries as a basis for public policy. Public Health Rep. 95/5, 411.
Hartigan, J. A., & Wong, M. A. (1979). Algorithm AS 136: A K-Means Clustering Algorithm. Appl. Stat. 28/1, 100. https://doi.org/10.2307/2346830
Hasselberg, M., & Laflamme, L. (2008). Road traffic injuries among young car drivers by country of origin and socioeconomic position. Int. J. Public Health 53/1, 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00038-007-6083-0
Jamroz, K. (2012). The impact of road network structure and mobility on the national traffic fatality rate. Procedia-Social Behav. Sci. 54, 1370-1377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.851
Jamroz, K. (2008). Review of road safety theories and models. J. Konbin 1 (4).
Jamroz, K., Budzyński, M., Romanowska, A., Żukowska, J., Oskarbski, J., & Kustra, W. (2019). Experiences and Challenges in Fatality Reduction on Polish Roads. Sustainability 11/4, 959. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11040959
Jamroz, K., Kustra, W., Wachnicka, J., & Berkowski, M. (2015). Metodologia klasyfikacji ryzyka dla wybranych rodzajów wypadków drogowych na drogach wojewódzkich oraz dla obszarów województw i powiatów wraz z przedstawieniem wyników na mapach. Część II. Krajowa Rada Bezpieczeństwa Ruchu Drogowego.
Jamroz, K., Romanowska, A., & Budzyński, M. (2018). Analysis of the impact of socio-economic development on road safety based on the example of Baltic Sea region countries. Road Saf. Five Cont. Jeju Island, South Korea.
Jamroz, K., & Smolarek, L. (2013). Road safety management tools for country strategic level. 16th Road Saf. Four Cont. Conf. Beijing, China 15-17.
Jędra, Ł. (2017). Wpływ wieku samochodów na bezpieczeństwo w transporcie drogowym. Autobusy 12.
Job, R. F. S., Truong, J., & Sakashita, C. (2022). The Ultimate Safe System: Redefining the Safe System Approach for Road Safety. Sustainability 14/5, 2978. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU14052978
Kalisz, M. (2020, March 30). W 2019 wzrosła liczba ofiar na polskich drogach! jedz-bezpiecznie.pl. https://jedz-bezpiecznie.pl/Statystyki,Wypadki-drogowe-w-Polsce,W-2019--wzrosla-liczba-ofiar-na-polskich-drogach,2019,20200408
La Torre, G., Van Beeck, E., Quaranta, G., Mannocci, A., & Ricciardi, W. (2007). Determinants of within-country variation in traffic accident mortality in Italy: a geographical analysis. Int. J. Health Geogr. 6, 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-6-49
Mohan, D. (2002). Road safety in less-motorized environments: future concerns. Int. J. Epidemiol. 31/3, 527–532. https://doi.org/10.1093/IJE/31.3.527
Monah, D., Tiwari, G., Khayesi, M., & Nafukho, F. M. (2006). Road traffic injury prevention training manual. World Heal. Organ. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43271/1/9241546751_eng.pdf
Nantulya, V. M., & Reich, M. R. (2002). The neglected epidemic: road traffic injuries in developing countries. BMJ 324/7346, 1139-1141. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7346.1139
Neelakantan, A., Kotwal, B. A., & Ilankumaran, M. (2017). Determinants of injuries and Road Traffic Accidents amongst service personnel in a large Defence station. Med. Journal, Armed Forces India 73/3, 216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2016.08.002
Nowakowska, M. (2012). Road Traffic Accident Patterns: A Conceptual Grouping Approach to Evaluate Crash Clusters. Arch. Transp. XXIV (1). https://doi.org/10.2478/v10174-012-0006-4
ONZ. (2015). We are transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Orłowska, R., & Pangsy-Kania, S. (2003). Cykle koniunkturalne: teoria, analiza i praktyka. Gdańsk: Fund. Rozw. Uniw. Gdańskiego.
Owczarek, A. J., & Kowalska, M. (2014). Epidemiology of traffic accidents in Poland. Probl. Hig. i Epidemiol. 95 (1).
Parlament Europejski. (2022, March 30). Statystyki śmiertelności na drogach w EU (2021). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/pl/headlines/society/20190410STO36615/statystyki-smiertelnosci-na-drogach-w-ue-infografika
Rosiak, M. (2022, March 30). Przyczyny i sprawcy wypadków w Polsce w 2019. https://mubi.pl/poradniki/przyczyny-i-sprawcy-wypadkow-w-polsce-w-2019-/
RStudio. (2022, May 4). Open source & professional software for data science teams. https://www.rstudio.com/
Sejm Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej. (2021). Prawo o Ruchu Drogowym.
Sejm Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej (1997). Ustawa z dnia 6 czerwca 1997 r. Kodeks karny.
sewik.pl. (2022, March 30). Wyszukiwarka zdarzeń i raportów. http://sewik.pl/
Stańczyk, T., Jurecki, R., Lozia, Z., & Pieniążek, W. (2011). Wpływ wieku i doświadczenia kierowców na uzyskiwane wartości czasów reakcji. Paragraf Na Drodze. Prawne i kryminalistyczne probl. ruchu drog. 11S.
Symon, E. (2020). Wypadki drogowe w Polsce w 2019. Komenda Główna Policji – Biuro Ruchu Drog.
TIBCO Software Inc. (2022, January 4). TIBCO Statistica® 13.3.0. https://docs.tibco.com/products/tibco-statistica-13-3-0
Trzeciak, Ł. (2020). Ofiary wypadków drogowych. Polska na tle państw Unii Europejskiej. Kwart. Policyjny 4 (55).
Unarski, J. (2012). The role of safety culture in the development of the road traffic safety. Transp. Miej. i Reg. 39–43.
UNDP Global. (2022, March 30). Sustainable development goals. https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals
Van Beeck, E. F., Mackenbach, J. P., Looman, C. W. N., & Kunst, A. E. (1991). Determinants of traffic accident mortality in The Netherlands: a geographical analysis. Int. J. Epidemiol. 20/3, 698–706. https://doi.org/10.1093/IJE/20.3.698
Weszczak, A. (2018). Ekonomiczne i społeczne determinanty bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego w Polsce. Analizy regionalne. Łódź: Uniwersytet Łódzki.
WHO. (2022, March 30). Road traffic injuries. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries
WHO. (2018). Global status report on road safety 2018, World Health Organization.
Yasmeen, S. (2019). Road Traffic Crashes (RTCs) and its Determinants: Public Health Issue. Int. J. Collab. Res. Intern. Med. Public Heal. 911/3.
Zalewski, J., Wojciechowski, A., & Popiel, J. (2009). Koszty wypadków drogowych i ich skutki. Transp. Samoch. 4.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Ekonomia i Środowisko - Economics and Environment