Transformation towards a circular economy in the Polish armed forces

Abstract

This paper is an analysis of the existing economic situation, referred to as the circular economy, of the armed forces during peacetime. This economic approach is often indicated as the target model in civilian areas and activities within the “European Defence Action Plan.” The analyses carried out in this study demonstrate that some European armed forces, including the Polish one, actually realise circular economic requirements, namely creation of closed loops of material flow, slowing resources flow and using fewer materials. Some of these economic principles are typical for the military sector, such as “outdated” ammunition in civilian use. The above fi ndings demonstrate the transformation towards a circular economy in the armed forces during peacetime.