Keywords
environmental protection expenditure
structural variability
public policy
How to Cite
Abstract
The article discusses the issue of the changes in the structure of financing environmental protection in Poland and the voivodeships in the years 2005-2022. The study aims to assess changes in the structure of expenditure on fixed assets for environmental protection according to the directions of investment, divided into voivodeships. The analysis uses a research method based on the angle θ measure to analyse the intensity, pace and monotonicity of structure changes. This measure allows for precise assessment of structural changes, assigning different weights to shifts depending on the share size. The analysis is supplemented by assessing the evolution of structures by determining the average pace and their monotonicity. The study covered 288 seven-element structures, and the results indicate high intensity and chaotic changes in the examined structures of expenditure on environmental protection in the voivodeships. The presented research method can be one of the methods for assessing the effectiveness of implementing environmental policy provisions by observing changes in the expenditure structure.
References
Barrell, A., Dobrzanski, P., Bobowski, S., Siuda, K., & Chmielowiec, Sz. (2021). Efficiency of Environmental Protection Expenditures in EU Countries. Energies, 14(24), 8443. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248443
Broniewicz, E. (2006). Rachunek nakładów na ochronę środowiska w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Ekonomia i Środowisko, 1(29), 125-134. (in Polish).
Domańska, W., & Jabłonowski, G. (2012). Europejskie Rachunki Ekonomiczne Środowiska. Wiadomości Statystyczne, 7, 24-31. https://bazekon.uek.krakow.pl/rekord/171233421 (in Polish).
Eurostat. (1994). European System for The Collection of Economic Information on The Environment (SEFIRE). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/ks-be-02-002
Gołębiewska, B. (2013). Tendencje zmian w finansowaniu ochrony środowiska w Polsce. Zeszyty Naukowe Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, 101, 5-13. https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/EIOGZ_2013_n101_s5.pdf (in Polish).
Gołębiewska, B. (2018). Trends In Changes of Outcomes and Investment Outlays in Environmental Protection and Water Management in Spatial Terms in Poland. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference "ECONOMIC SCIENCE FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT", Jelgava, Lativia, 48, 93-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/ESRD.2018.073
Górska, A. (2013). Wydatki na ochronę środowiska w Polsce. Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, 13(3), 88-94. https://doi.org/10.22630/PRS.2013.13.3.40 (in Polish).
Grzebyk, B. (2010). Finansowanie ochrony środowiska w Polsce. Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy, 17, 293-302. http://bazekon.icm.edu.pl/bazekon/element/bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000169335618 (in Polish).
Jarczok-Guzy, M., Kaczmarzyk, J., & Sygut, E. (2024). Efficiency of Environmental Protection Expenditure of The General Governments in European Union Member States in The Context of Sustainable Development in Waste Management. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia, 23(2), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2024.23.2.6
Kierepka-Kasztelan, A. (2018). Environmental Protection Expenditure in the EU Countries. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on European Integration (ICEI 2018), Ostrava, Czech Republic, 690-698. https://www.ekf.vsb.cz/export/sites/ekf/icei/.content/galerie-souboru/ICEI-2018_Proceedings.pdf
Kożuch, M. (2018). Zmiany w finansowaniu przedsięwzięć ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego w Polsce. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie, 973(1). 61-78. https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2018.0973.0104 (in Polish).
Kukuła, K. (1996). Statystyczne metody analizy struktur ekonomicznych. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne. (in Polish).
Małuszyńska, E. (1993). Regionalne zróżnicowanie zmienności struktur gospodarczych. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej w Poznaniu. (in Polish).
Marciniak, S. (Ed.). (2013). Makro- i mikroekonomia. Podstawowe problemy współczesności. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (in Polish).
Moore, J. A. (1987). A Measure of Structural Change in Output, Review of Income and Wealth. International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, 24(1), 105-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1978.tb00034.x
Oszczapińska, K. (2019). The Investment Expenditures on Environment Protection and Water Management in Poland in 2003-2017. Architecture Civil Engineering Environment, 12(3), 137-144. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ACEE-2019-044
Pajewski, T. (2015). Changes In Spending for Investment Environment in Poland 2004-2012 According to Regional. Hradecke Ekonomicke Dny, 5(2), 347-354. https://uni.uhk.cz/hed/site/assets/files/1048/proceedings_2015_2.pdf
Statistics Poland. (2024, October 08). Local Data Bank. https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/start
Wyżnikiewicz, B. (1987). Zmiany strukturalne w gospodarce. Prawidłowości i ograniczenia. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne. (in Polish).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Economics and Environment