The role of country's green brand and digitalization in enhancing environmental, social, and governance performance
PDF

Keywords

corporate social responsibility disclosure
sustainable development
environmental pollution
good governance
development governance

How to Cite

Kwilinski, A., Lyulyov , O., & Pimonenko, T. (2024). The role of country’s green brand and digitalization in enhancing environmental, social, and governance performance . Economics and Environment, 87(4), 613, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.34659/eis.2023.87.4.613

Abstract

In the contemporary global landscape, characterised by increasing concerns about climate change, sustainable development, and corporate responsibility, it is necessary to study and address pressing issues at the intersection of environmental consciousness, technological advancement, and governance practices. This paper aims to examine the relationship between the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) pillars of a country’s development, green brand and digitalisation. To achieve the study’s goal, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied. The object of investigation was EU countries for 2016-2020. The findings allow us to conclude that a country's green brand is conducive to ESG performance by attracting green investment in renewable energies, social projects, and innovations. The results confirm that governments should prioritise sustainability initiatives, such as investing in renewable energy, adopting sustainable practices, and implementing environmental and social policies. Such efforts can enhance a country's green brand and lead to positive ESG outcomes, attracting more responsible businesses and investors. Moreover, digitalisation promoted governance by 0.142. The results showed that digitalisation could be a powerful tool for improving a country's green brand and ESG performance. Digital technologies can help countries monitor and manage environmental resources, promote sustainable practices, and engage with stakeholders.

https://doi.org/10.34659/eis.2023.87.4.613
PDF

References

Ab Hamid, M. R., Sami, W., & Sidek, M. M. (2017). Discriminant validity assessment: Use of Fornell & Larcker criterion versus HTMT criterion. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 890(1), 012163. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012163

Aburumman, O. J., Omar, K., Al Shbail, M., & Aldoghan, M. (2022). How to Deal with the Results of PLS-SEM? In B. Alareeni & A. Hadman (Eds.), Explore Business, Technology Opportunities and Challenges‎ After the Covid-19 Pandemic (pp. 1196-1206). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Amel-Zadeh, A., & Serafeim, G. (2018). Why and how investors use ESG information: Evidence from a global survey. Financial Analysts Journal, 74(3), 87-103. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v74.n3.2

Aouadi, A., & Marsat, S. (2018). Do ESG controversies matter for firm value? Evidence from international data. Journal of Business Ethics, 151(4), 1027-1047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3213-8

Ayub Khan, A., Laghari, A. A., Shaikh, Z. A., Dacko-Pikiewicz, Z., & Kot, S. (2022). Internet of things (IoT) security with blockchain technology: A state-of-the-art review. IEEE Access, 10, 122679-122695. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3223370

Becchetti, L., Bobbio, E., Prizia, F., & Semplici, L. (2022). Going Deeper into the S of ESG: A Relational Approach to the Definition of Social Responsibility. Sustainability, 14(15), 9668. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159668

Bekk, M., Spörrle, M., Hedjasie, R., & Kerschreiter, R. (2016). Greening the competitive advantage: antecedents and consequences of green brand equity. Quality & Quantity, 50, 1727-1746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0232-y

Belhadi, A., Abdellah, N., & Nezai, A. (2023). The Effect of Big Data on the Development of the Insurance Industry. Business Ethics and Leadership, 7(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.7(1).1-11.2023

Bell, S. M., Chalmers, R. P., & Flora, D. B. (2023). The Impact of Measurement Model Misspecification on Coefficient Omega Estimates of Composite Reliability. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 84(1), 5-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131644231155804

Billio, M., Costola, M., Hristova, I., Latino, C., & Pelizzon, L. (2021). Inside the ESG ratings: (dis)agreement and performance. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(5), 1426-1445. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2177

Bilyay-Erdogan, S. (2022). Corporate ESG engagement and information asymmetry: the moderating role of country-level institutional differences. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2022.2128710 ·

Bofinger, Y., Heyden, K. J., & Rock, B. (2022). Corporate social responsibility and market efficiency: Evidence from ESG and misvaluation measures. Journal of Banking and Finance, 134, 106322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2021.106322

Brogi, M., Cappiello, A., Lagasio, V., & Santoboni, F. (2022). Determinants of insurance companies' environmental, social, and governance awareness. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(5), 1357-1369. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2274

Broniewicz, E. (2016). The output of environmental goods and services sector in Poland. Journal of International Studies, 9(3), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2016/9-3/4

Broniewicz, E., & Dec, K. (2022). Environmental Impact of Demolishing a Steel Structure Design for Disassembly. Energies, 15(19), 7358. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197358

Cheema, S., & Langa, M. (2022). Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) and Sustainability. In S. Cheema & M. Langa (Eds.), A Director's Guide to Governance in the Boardroom (pp. 135-171). New York: Routledge.

Chen, Y., Lyulyov, O., Pimonenko, T., & Kwilinski, A. (2023). Green development of the country: Role of macroeconomic stability. Energy & Environment, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X231151679

Chien, F. (2022). The role of corporate governance and environmental and social responsibilities on the achievement of sustainable development goals in Malaysian logistic companies. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(2), 1-21.

Chygryn, O., Kuzior, A., Olefirenko, O., & Uzik, J. (2022). Green Brand as a New Pattern of Energy-Efficient Consumption. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 13(3), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.3-07

Dacko-Pikiewicz, Z. (2019). Building a family business brand in the context of the concept of stakeholder-oriented value. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 7(2), 37-51. https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_VOL7_NO2_3

Dementyev, V., Dalevska, N., & Kwilinski, A. (2021). Innovation and Information Aspects of the Structural Organization of the World Political and Economic Space. Virtual Economics, 4(1), 54-76. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2021.04.01(3)

Di Natale, L., & Cordella, A. (2023). ESGTech: Guiding ESG Regulation and Digital Governance. Proceedings of the 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1930-1939. https://hdl.handle.net/10125/102871

Diaye, M. A., Ho, S. H., & Oueghlissi, R. (2022). ESG performance and economic growth: a panel cointegration analysis. Empirica, 49(1), 99-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-021-09508-7

Dimson, E., Marsh, P., & Staunton, M. (2020). Divergent ESG ratings. Journal of Portfolio Management, 47(1), 75-86. https://doi.org/10.3905/JPM.2020.1.175

Drempetic, S., Klein, C., & Zwergel, B. (2020). The influence of firm size on the ESG score: Corporate sustainability ratings under review. Journal of Business Ethics, 167(2), 333-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04164-1

Drożdż, W. (2019). The development of electromobility in Poland. Virtual Economics, 2(2), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2019.02.02(4)

Dźwigoł, H. (2021a). The uncertainty factor in the market economic system: the microeconomic aspect of sustainable development. Virtual Economics, 4(1), 98-117. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2021.04.01(5)

Dźwigoł, H. (2021b). Methodological approach in management and quality sciences. E3S Web of Conferences, 307, 01002. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130701002

Dzwigol, H. (2022a). Research Methodology in Management Science: Triangulation. Virtual Economics, 5(1), 78-93. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2022.05.01(5)

Dzwigol, H. (2022b). Comparing Idiographic and Nomothetic Approaches in Management Sciences Research. Virtual Economics, 5(4), 27-49. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2022.05.04(2)

Dzwigol, H. (2023). The Quality Determinants of the Research Process in Management Sciences. Virtual Economics, 6(2), 35-55. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2023.06.02(3)

Eliwa, Y., Aboud, A., & Saleh, A. (2021). ESG practices and the cost of debt: Evidence from EU countries. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 79, 102097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2019.102097

Gajdzik, B., Grabowska, S., & Saniuk, S. (2021). Key socioeconomic megatrends and trends in the context of the industry 4.0 framework. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 9(3), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_VOL9_NO3_1

Garcia, A. S., Mendes-Da-Silva, W., & Orsato, R. (2017). Sensitive industries produce better ESG performance: Evidence from emerging markets. Journal of Cleaner Production, 150, 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.180

Gillan, S. L., Koch, A., & Starks, L. T. (2021). Firms and social responsibility: A review of ESG and CSR research in corporate finance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 66, 101889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.101889

Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) using R. Springer Nature.

Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMDA.2017.087624

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

Hair, J., & Alamer, A. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: Guidelines using an applied example. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 1(3), 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2022.100027

Hajjar, S. T. (2018). Statistical analysis: internal-consistency reliability and construct validity. International Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods, 6(1), 27-38.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modelling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

Huang, D. Z. X. (2022). Environmental, social and governance factors and assessing firm value: Valuation, signalling and stakeholder perspectives. Accounting & Finance, 62, 1983-2010. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12849

Ishaq, M. I. (2021). Multidimensional green brand equity: A cross-cultural scale development and validation study. International Journal of Market Research, 63(5), 560-575. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470785320932040

Kinelski, G. (2022). Smart City 4.0 as a Set of Social Synergies. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 26(1), 92-106. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2022.26.1.06

Khadidja, Z., & Gachi, F. (2021). The integration of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Algerian banks. Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks, 5(3), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.21272/fmir.5(3).39-44.2021

Kharazishvili, Y., Kwilinski, A., Grishnova, O., & Dzwigol, H. (2020). Social Safety of Society for Developing Countries to Meet Sustainable Development Standards: Indicators, Level, Strategic Benchmarks (with Calculations Based on the Case Study of Ukraine). Sustainability, 12(21), 8953. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218953

Kock, N. (2015). A note on how to conduct a factor-based PLS-SEM analysis. International Journal of e-Collaboration (IJEC), 11(3), 1-9.

Koh, H. K., Burnasheva, R., & Suh, Y. G. (2022). Perceived ESG (environmental, social, governance) and consumers’ responses: The mediating role of brand credibility, Brand Image, and perceived quality. Sustainability, 14(8), 4515. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084515

Kuzior, A. (2022). Technological unemployment in the perspective of Industry 4.0 development. Virtual Economics, 5(1), 7-23. https://doi.org/10.34021/VE.2022.05.01(1)

Kwilinski, A. (2019). Implementation of Blockchain Technology in Accounting Sphere. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 23, 1-6.

Kwilinski, A. (2023). E-Commerce and Sustainable Development in the European Union: A Comprehensive Analysis of SDG2, SDG12, and SDG13. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 11(3), 87-107. https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_VOL11_NO3_5

Kwilinski, A., Lyulyov, O., & Pimonenko, T. (2023). Greenfield Investment as a Catalyst of Green Economic Growth. Energies, 16, 2372. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052372

Letunovska, N., Offei, F. A., Junior, P. A., Lyulyov, O., Pimonenko, T., & Kwilinski, A. (2023). Green Supply Chain Management: The Effect of Procurement Sustainability on Reverse logistics. Logistics, 7(3), 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030047

Lokuwaduge, C. S. D. S., & Heenetigala, K. (2017). Integrating environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure for a sustainable development: An australian study. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(4), 438-450. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1927

Macchiavello, E., & Siri, M. (2022). Sustainable Finance and Fintech: Can Technology Contribute to Achieving Environmental Goals? A Preliminary Assessment of ‘Green Fintech’ and ‘Sustainable Digital Finance’. European Company and Financial Law Review, 19(1), 128-174. https://doi.org/10.1515/ecfr-2022-0005

Machado, A. B., Richter, M. F., & Peixoto, J. A. (2022). Relations Between Digital Transformation and Sustainability Post COVID-19: The Pillars of ESG. In A. Pego (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Global Networking Post COVID-19 (pp. 386-404). IGI Global.

Mehraj, D., & Qureshi, I. H. (2022). Does green brand positioning translate into green purchase intention?: A mediation–moderation model. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(7), 3166-3181. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3069

Menezes, D. R., Barnes, J., & Godbold, J. (2022). Promoting the Sustainable Development Goals in the Arctic: The Case of Polar Research and Policy Initiative. In N. Sellheim & D.R. Menezes (Eds.), Nonstate Actors in the Arctic Region (pp. 305-326). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Mirpanahi, M. V., & Noorzai, E. (2021). Modelling the relationship between critical BIM attributes and environmental sustainability criteria using PLS-SEM technique. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 27(4), 04021037. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000512

Miśkiewicz, J. (2019). The merger of natural intelligence with artificial intelligence, with a focus on neuralink company. Virtual Economics, 2(3), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2019.02.03(2)

Miskiewicz, R. (2020). Internet of Things in Marketing: Bibliometric Analysis. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 3, 371-381. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.3-27

Miśkiewicz, R. (2021). Knowledge and innovation 4.0 in today's electromobility. In Z. Makieła, M.M. Stuss & R. Borawiecki (Eds.), Sustainability, Technology and Innovation 4.0 (pp. 256-275). London: Routlege. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003184065-19

Miskiewicz, R. (2022). Clean and affordable energy within sustainable development goals: The role of governance digitalization. Energies, 15(24), 9571. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249571

Miśkiewicz, R., Matan, K., & Karnowski, J. (2022). The role of crypto trading in the economy, renewable energy consumption and ecological degradation. Energies, 15(10), 3805. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103805

Miśkiewicz, R., Rzepka, A., Borowiecki, R., & Olesińki, Z. (2021). Energy efficiency in the industry 4.0 era: Attributes of teal organizations. Energies, 14(20), 6776. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206776

Mooneeapen, O., Abhayawansa, S., & Mamode Khan, N. (2022). The influence of the country governance environment on corporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 13(4), 953-985. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-07-2021-0298

Muradov, İ. (2022). Problems of E-Governance in Government Agencies and Their Solutions. Socio Economic Challenges, 6(1), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.21272/sec.6(1).79-86.2022

Naomi, P., & Akbar, I. (2021). Beyond sustainability: Empirical evidence from OECD countries on the connection among natural resources, ESG performances, and economic development. Economics & Sociology, 14(4), 89-106.

Nitlarp, T., & Kiattisin, S. (2022). The Impact Factors of Industry 4.0 on ESG in the Energy Sector. Sustainability, 14(15), 9198. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159198

Nsouli, Z. (2022). Is Ppp the New Firepower For Islamic Finance That Will Accelerate Progress Towards (SDGS)? Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks, 6(4), 125-133. https://doi.org/10.21272/fmir.6(4).125-133.2022

Pietrzak, P., & Takala, J. (2021). Digital trust – asystematic literature review. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 9(3), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_VOL9_NO3_4

Polcyn, J. (2022). Determining Value Added Intellectual Capital (VAIC) Using the TOPSIS-CRITIC Method in Small and Medium-Sized Farms in Selected European Countries. Sustainability, 14(6), 3672. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063672

Polcyn, J., Us, Y., Lyulyov, O., Pimonenko, T., & Kwilinski, A. (2022). Factors Influencing the Renewable Energy Consumption in Selected European Countries. Energies, 15(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010108

Polcyn, J., Lyulyov, O., Pimonenko, T., & Vovk, V. (2023). An Attempt at a Simplified Determination of the Brand Value of a University. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 11(3), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_VOL11_NO3_3

Pudryk, D., Kwilinski, A., Lyulyov, O., & Pimonenko, T. (2023). Towards Achieving Sustainable Development: Interactions between Migration and Education. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 11(1), 113-132. https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_VOL11_NO1_6

Purwanto, A., & Sudargini, Y. (2021). Partial least squares structural Equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis for Social and Management Research: A literature review. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 2(4), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.7777/jiemar.v2i4.168

Puttachai, W., Phadkantha, R., & Yamaka, W. (2022). The threshold effects of ESG performance on the energy transitions: A country-level data. Energy Reports, 8, 234-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.10.187

Ramli, M., Boutayeba, F., & Nezai, A. (2022). Public Investment in Human Capital and Economic Growth in Algeria: An empirical study using ARDL approach. Socio Economic Challenges, 6(2), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.21272/sec.6(2).55-66.2022

Rozmiarek, M., Nowacki, K., Malchrowicz-Mośko, E., & Dacko-Pikiewicz, Z. (2022). Eco-initiatives in municipal cultural institutions as examples of activities for sustainable development: A case study of Poznan. Sustainability, 14(2), 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020682

Sarstedt, M., Hair Jr, J. F., Cheah, J. H., Becker, J. M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). How to specify, estimate, and validate higher-order constructs in PLS-SEM. Australasian Marketing Journal, 27(3), 197-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.05.003

Singhania, M., & Saini, N. (2021). Institutional framework of ESG disclosures: comparative analysis of developed and developing countries. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 13(1), 1-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2021.1964810

Skvarciany, V., & Jurevičienë, D. (2021). An approach to the measurement of the digital economy. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 9(3), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_VOL9_NO3_6

Sultana, S., Zulkifli, N., & Zainal, D. (2018). Environmental, social and governance (ESG) and investment decision in Bangladesh. Sustainability, 10(6), 1831. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061831

Szczepańska-Woszczyna, K., & Gatnar, S. (2022). Key competences of research and development project managers in high technology sector. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 10(3), 107-130. https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_VOL10_NO3_6

Szczepańska-Woszczyna, K., Gedvilaitė, D., Nazarko, J., Stasiukynas, A., & Rubina, A. (2022). Assessment of Economic Convergence among Countries in the European Union. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 28(5), 1572-1588. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2022.17518

Taliento, M., & Netti, A. (2020). Corporate Social/Environmental Responsibility and Value Creation: Reflections on a Modern Business Management Paradigm. Business Ethics and Leadership, 4(4), 123-131. https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.4(4).123-131.2020

Trushkina, N. (2019). Development of the information economy under the conditions of global economic transformations: features, factors and prospects. Virtual Economics, 2(4), 7-25. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2019.02.04(1)

Trushkina, N., Abazov, R., Rynkevych, N., & Bakhautdinova, G. (2020). Digital Transformation of Organizational Culture under Conditions of the Information Economy. Virtual Economics, 3(1), 7-38. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2020.03.01(1)

Trzeciak, M., Kopec, T. P., & Kwilinski, A. (2022). Constructs of Project Programme Management Supporting Open Innovation at the Strategic Level of the Organisation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010058

Us, Y., Pimonenko, T., & Lyulyov, O. (2023). Corporate Social Responsibility and Renewable Energy Development for the Green Brand within SDGs: A Meta-Analytic Review. Energies, 16(5), 2335. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052335

Us, Y., Pimonenko, T., Lyulyov, O., Chen, Y., & Tambovceva, T. (2022). Promoting green brand of the university in social media: Text mining and sentiment analysis. Virtual Economics, 5(1), 24-42. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2022.05.01(2)

Vanickova, R. (2020). Innovation corporate energy management: efficiency of green investment. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 2, 56-67. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.2-04

Vaníčková, R., & Szczepańska-Woszczyna, K. (2020). Innovation of business and marketing plan of growth strategy and competitive advantage in exhibition industry. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 21(2), 425-445. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2020.21.2.30

World Data Bank. (2023, March). Environment Social and Governance (ESG) Data. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/environment-social-and-governance-(esg)-data

Yang, Q., Du, Q., Razzaq, A., & Shang, Y. (2022). How volatility in green financing, clean energy, and green economic practices derive sustainable performance through ESG indicators? A sectoral study of G7 countries. Resources Policy, 75(C), 102526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102526

Zaloznova, Y., Pankova, O., & Ostafiichuk, Y. (2020). Global and Ukrainian labour markets in the face of digitalization challenges and the threats of the covid-19 pandemic. Virtual Economics, 3(4), 106-130. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2020.03.04(6)

Ziabina, Y., & Dzwigol-Barosz, M. (2022). A Country's Green Brand and the Social Responsibility of Business. Virtual Economics, 5(3), 31-49. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2022.05.03(2)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2024 Economics and Environment

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.