Abstract
The lack of uniform guidelines on how ESG measures are calculated leads to a lack of transparency and problems while comparing them over time and between different entities. It can be noted that EMAS, may help in the implementation of ESG reporting. The aim of the article is to analyse the possibility of using environmental reporting required under Regulation in the field of ESG reporting and to indicate the possibilities of using existing solutions to ensure comparability of results between individual areas regarding environmental impact and organisations. This article presents the latest guidelines in the field of sustainability reporting, assesses the possibility of using the existing reporting under EMAS to report environmental indicators, and presents the current approach of selected automotive concerns to ESG reporting. The article contributes to the utilisation of existing reporting systems in order not to impose an excessive administrative burden on enterprises and to maximise synergies.
References
Arayssi, M., Jizi, M. & Tabaja, H. H. (2020). The impact of board composition on the level of ESG disclosures in GCC countries. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 11(1), 137-161. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-05-2018-0136
Billio, M., Costola, M., Hristova, I., Latino, C., & Pelizzon, L. (2021). Inside the ESG ratings: (Dis)agreement and performance. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(5), 1426-1445. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2177
Commission Decision (EU) 2019/62 of 19 December 2018 on the sectoral reference document on best environmental management practices, sector environmental performance indicators and benchmarks of excellence for the car manufacturing sector under Regulation (EC) No 1221/2009 on the voluntary participation by organisations in a Community eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS), Pub. L. No. 32019D0062, 17 OJ L (2019). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32019D0062
Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/2026 of 19 December 2018 amending Annex IV to Regulation (EC) No 1221/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the voluntary participation by organisations in a Community eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS), Pub. L. No. 32018R2026, 325 OJ L (2018). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32018R2026
De Masi, S., Słomka-Gołębiowska, A., Becagli, C. & Paci, A. (2021). Toward sustainable corporate behaviour: The effect of the critical mass of female directors on environmental, social, and governance disclosure. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(4), 1865-1878. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2721
Dolna, J. (2022, December 6). Nowa sprawozdawczość w zakresie zrównoważonego rozwoju. https://codozasady.pl/p/nowa-sprawozdawczosc-w-zakresie-zrownowazonego-rozwoju- (in Polish).
Dyrektywa Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2022/2464 z dnia 14 grudnia 2022r. w sprawie zmiany rozporządzenia (UE) nr 537/2014, dyrektywy 2004/109/WE, dyrektywy 2006/43/WE oraz dyrektywy 2013/34/UE w odniesieniu do sprawozdawczości przedsiębiorstw w zakresie zrównoważonego rozwoju, Pub. L. No. 32022L2464, 322 OJ L (2022). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PL/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32022L2464 (in Polish).
Dyrektywa Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2014/95/UE z dnia 22 października 2014 r. zmieniająca dyrektywę 2013/34/UE w odniesieniu do ujawniania informacji niefinansowych i informacji dotyczących różnorodności przez niektóre duże jednostki oraz grupy, Pub. L. No. 32014L0095, 330 OJ L (2014). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PL/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32014L0095 (in Polish).
Ellili, N. O. D. (2020). Environmental, Social, And Governance Disclosure, Ownership Structure And Cost Of Capital: Evidence from the UAE. Sustainability, 12(18), 7706. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187706
European Environment Agency. (2020). Climate change impacts in Europe. https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/5f6596de6c4445a58aec956532b9813d/page/The-European-overview/
Ford Motor Company. (2022a). Environmental, Social and Governance Review. https://shareholder.ford.com/investors/esg/default.aspx
Ford Motor Company. (2022b). ESG Overview. https://shareholder.ford.com/investors/esg/default.aspx
GDOŚ. (2022). Organizacje z rodziny EMAS przygotowane do wyzwań związanych z raportowaniem niefinansowym i GOZ. https://www.gov.pl/web/gdos/organizacje-z-rodziny-emas-przygotowane-do-wyzwan-zwiazanych-z-raportowaniem-niefinansowym-i-goz (in Polish).
GDOŚ. (2023). Deklaracja środowiskowa 2022. MAN Truck & Bus SE. MAN Kraków. https://www.gov.pl/web/gdos/rejestr-emas (in Polish).
Gilan, S. l., Koch, A., & Starks, L. T. (2021). Firms and social responsibility: A review of ESG and CSR research in corporate finance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 66, 101889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.101889
GPW. (2021). Wytyczne do raportowania ESG. Przewodnik dla spółek notowanych na GPW. https://www.gpw.pl/pub/GPW/ESG/Wytyczne_do_raportowania_ESG.pdf (in Polish).
Hamada, J. (2022). Co CSRD oznacza dla przedsiębiorstw? https://www.ey.com/pl_pl/forensic-integrity-services/co-csrd-oznacza-dla-przedsiebiorstw (in Polish).
Hoang, T. (2018). The Role of the Integrated Reporting in raising awareness of environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) performance. In S. Seifi & D. Crowther (Eds.), Developments in Corporate Governance and Responsibility (pp. 47-69). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2043-052320180000014003
Ikram, M., Zhou, P., Shah, S. A. A., & Liu, G. Q. (2019). Do environmental management systems help improve corporate sustainable development? Evidence from manufacturing companies in Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 226, 628-641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.265
Kaźmierczak, M. (2022). A literature review on the difference between CSR and ESG. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series, 162, 291-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2022.162.17
Kocmanova, A., & Simberova, I. (2014). Determination of environmental, social and corporate governance indicators: framework in the measurement of sustainable performance. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 15(5), 1017-1033.
Kocmanova, A., Nemecek, P., & Docekalova, M. (2012). Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Key Performance Indicators For Sustainable Reporting. Proceedings of the 7th International Scientific Conference Business and Management, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Lima, R. M., Souza, I., Pereira, E., Belém, A. C., Pinto, C. M., Lazzaris, J., & Fonseca, P. (2023). Characterising project management of lean initiatives in industrial companies – crossing perspectives based on case studies. Engineering Management In Production and Services, 15(1), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.2478/emj-2023-0005
Lokuwaduge, Ch., & Heenetigala, K. (2016). Integrating Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Disclosure for a Sustainable Development: An Australian Study. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(4), 438-450. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1927
MAN. (2022). Sustainability Report 2021. https://www.mantruckandbus.com/fileadmin/media/downloads/Corporate_Responsibility/MAN_SustainabilityReport_2021_ENG.pdf
Manita, R., Bruna, M.G., Dang, R., Houanti, L. (2018). Board gender diversity and ESG disclosure: evidence from the USA. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 19(2), 206-224. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-01-2017-0024
Matuszak-Flejszman, A. (2019). System ekozarządzania i audytu (EMAS) w organizacjach. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego (in Polish).
Ministerstwo Finansów. (2022). Dyrektywa o sprawozdawczości przedsiębiorstw w zakresie zrównoważonego rozwoju już opublikowana. https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse/dyrektywa-o-sprawozdawczosci-przedsiebiorstw-w-zakresie-zrownowazonego-rozwoju-juz-opublikowana (in Polish).
Monteiro, M., Rosa, A., Martins, A., & Jayantilal, S. (2023). Grounded Theory – An Illustrative in the Portuguese Footwear Industry. Administrative Sciences, 13(2), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020059
Myszczyszyn, J. (2017). Systemy zarządzania środowiskowego jako szansa na promowanie zrównoważonego rozwoju, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Systemu Ekozarządzania i Audytu (EMAS). Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis. Oeconomica, 333(86), 63-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/oe.2017.86.1.07 (in Polish).
Piłacik, J. (2017). Raportowanie wskaźników środowiskowych według wytycznych Global Reporting Initiative na przykładzie polskich spółek branży energetycznej. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 470, 85-96. https://doi.org/10.15611/pn.2017.470.08 (in Polish).
Rada Europejska. (2022). Europejski zielony ład. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/pl/policies/green-deal/ (in Polish).
Regulation (EC) No 1221/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the voluntary participation by organisations in a Community eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS), repealing Regulation (EC) No 761/2001 and Commission Decisions 2001/681/EC and 2006/193/EC, Pub. L. No. 32009R1221, 342 OJ L (2009). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32009R1221
Ronalter, L. M., Bernardo, M., & Romani, J. M. (2022). Quality and environmental management systems as business tools to enhance ESG performance: a cross‑regional empirical study. Environment, Development and Sustainability. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02425-0
Sharma, P., Panday, P., & Dangwal, R. C. (2020). Determinants of environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) disclosure: a study of Indian companies. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 17(4), 208-217. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41310-020-00085-y
Singhania, M., & Saini, N. (2022). Quantification of ESG Regulations: A Cross-Country Benchmarking Analysis. Vision, 26(2), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/09722629211054173
Sipiczki, A. (2022). A critical look at the ESG market. https://www.ceps.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PI2022-15_A-critical-look-at-the-ESG-market.pdf
Suttipun, M. (2021). The influence of board composition on environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure of Thai listed companies. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 18(4), 391-402. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41310-021-00120-6
United Nations. (2015). Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org.pl/
US Environmental Protection Agency. (2022). GHG Inventory Development Process and Guidance. https://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/ghg-inventory-development-process-and-guidance
Volkswagen AG. (2021a). Sustainability Report. https://annualreport2021.volkswagenag.com/group-management-report/sustainable-value-enhancement/sustainability.html
Volkswagen AG. (2021b). Volkswagen Board discusses decarbonization plan with independent Sustainability Council. https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/press-releases/volkswagen-board-discusses-decarbonization-plan-with-independent-sustainability-council-7084
Volkswagen AG. (2022a). ESG-Kennzahlen. https://www.volkswagenag.com/de/sustainability/reporting-and-esg-performance/esg.html
Volkswagen AG. (2022b). Strategie New Auto. https://www.volkswagenag.com/de/strategy.html
Volkswagen Group Polska. (2022). Grupa Volkswagen na świecie. https://www.vw-group.pl/grupa-volkswagen,grupa-volkswagen-na-swiecie.html (in Polish).
Vukić, N. M., Vukowić, R., & Calace, D. (2017). Non-financial reporting as a new trend in sustainability accounting. Journal of Accounting and Management, 7(2), 13-26.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Economics and Environment