Keywords
sustainability
transformation
policy
How to Cite
Abstract
The energy transformation requires a change in the structure of the energy used. The article aims to determine the role of natural gas as a transition fuel in the European Union and Poland’s energy policy in the context of the promoted sustainable development policy. In the analysed documents presenting visions of energy policy, a differentiated approach to the effects of using natural gas is observed. The possible effects of using natural gas in Poland’s energy mix were analysed and evaluated. The study used the method of research document analysis. Six attributes of sustainable energy management and the relations between them were considered. The main results are as follows: 1. natural gas as an energy carrier does not fulfil the requirements of sustainable energy management, 2. from the point of view of utilisation effects, the use of natural gas for power generation purposes is better than using other fossil fuels, 3. in RES and nuclear energy development conditions, using natural gas for power generation will decrease, which should bring positive results for sustainable energy management. The main conclusion is the energy transition is mainly driven by political factors. Therefore, the energy carriers’ sustainable management issue shall be approached comprehensively.
References
Blazquez, J., Fuentes-Bracamontes, R., & Manzano, B. (2019). A road map to navigate the energy transition. https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/A-road-map-to-navigate-the-energy-transition-Insight-59.pdf
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/2139 of 4 June 2021 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council by establishing the technical screening criteria for determining the conditions under which an economic activity qualifies as contributing substantially to climate change mitigation or climate change adaptation and for determining whether that economic activity causes no significant harm to any of the other environmental objectives. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021R2139&from=EN
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/1214 of 9 March 2022 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/2139 as regards economic activities in certain energy sectors and Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/2178 as regards specific public disclosures for those economic activities. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32022R1214&from=PL
Crow, D. J., Balcombe, P., Brandon, N., & Hawkes, A. D. (2019). Assessing the impact of future greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas production. Science of the Total Environment, 668, 1242-1258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.048
Cucchiella, F., D’Adamo, I., Gastaldi, M., Koh, S. L., & Rosa, P. (2017). A comparison of environmental and energetic performance of European countries: A sustainability index. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78, 401-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.077
Dach, J. (2022). Kryzys energetyczny? Czas na biogaz i biometan. Raport Biogaz w Polsce. https://magazynbiomasa.pl/raport-biogaz-w-polsce-2022-pobierz-i-czytaj-za-darmo/
Dechezleprêtre, A., Rivers, N., & Stadler, B. (2020). The Economic Cost of Air Pollution Evidence from Europe. OECD Economic Department Working Papers No. 1584. ECO/WKP(2019)54. https://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=ECO/WKP(2019)54&docLanguage=En
Dusiło, M. (2022). Transformacja energetyczna w Polsce. Edycja 2022. https://www.forum-energii.eu/pl/analizy/transformacja-2022
European Commission. (2019). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. COM/2019/640 final. The European Green Deal. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52019DC0640
European Commission. (2022a). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions REPowerEU Plan. COM(2022) 230. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2022%3A230%3AFIN
European Commission. (2022b). Join Communication to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions EU external energy engagement in a changing world. JOIN/2022/23 final. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=JOIN%3A2022%3A23%3AFIN
Fu, J., Liu, Y., & Sun, F. (2021). Identifying and Regulating the Environmental Risks in the Development and Utilization of Natural Gas as a Low-Carbon Energy Source. Frontiers Energy Research, 9, 638105. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.638105
García-Álvarez, M. T., Moreno, B., & Soares, I. (2016). Analyzing the sustainable energy development in the EU-15 by an aggregated synthetic index. Ecological Indicators, 60, 996-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.07.006
Graczyk, A. M. (2019). Gospodarowanie odnawialnymi źródłami energii w ekonomii rozwoju zrównoważonego. Warszawa: PWN.
Graczyk, A. M., Graczyk, A., & Pieńkowski, D. (2021). Zrównoważone gospodarowanie energią w transformacji energetycznej z perspektywy polityki energetycznej. Wybrane problemy. Warszawa: PWN.
Gunnarsdóttir, I., Davidsdottir, B., Worrell, E., & Sigurgeirsdóttir, S. (2020). Review of indicators for sustainable energy development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 133, 110294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110294
Iddrisu, I., & Bhattacharyya, S. C. (2011). Sustainable Energy Development Index: A multi-dimensional indicator for measuring sustainable energy development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 513-530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.05.032
IEA. (2005). Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development, Guidelines and Methodologies. https://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/pub1222_web.pdf
IEA. (2019). World Energy Outlook. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2019
International Energy Agency. (2004). World Energy Outlook 2004. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/weo-2004-en
International Energy Agency. (2022, March). A 10-Point Plan to Reduce the European Union’s Reliance on Russian Natural Gas. https://www.iea.org/reports/a-10-point-plan-to-reduce-the-european-unions-reliance-on-russian-natural-gas
Izba Gospodarcza Gazownictwa & Instytut Studiów Energetycznych. (2022). Rola gazu ziemnego w transformacji energetycznej Polski w stronę neutralności klimatycznej. https://www.igg.pl/sites/default/files/2021-07/Rola%20gazu%20ziemnego%20w%20transformacji%20energetycznej%20-%20executive%20summary.pdf
Jones, C., Piebalgs, A., & Conti, I. (2020). Taxonomy and natural gas: a fact-based approach to drive sustainable solutions. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/3eb4d1ac-1505-11ec-b4fe-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
Kauertz, B., Dittrich, M., Fehrenbach, H., & Franke, B. (2020). Ableitung eines Indikatorensets zur Umweltverträglichkeit der Energiewende. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/5750/publikationen/2020_12_03_texte_222-2020_indikatoren_umweltvertraeglichkeit_energiewende.pdf
Lachman, P., & Mirowski, A. (2017, September 18). Analiza zewnętrznych kosztów spalania węgla i drewna – Szacunki dla domów jednorodzinnych w Polsce. https://www.polskiinstalator.com.pl/artykuly/wywiady-opinie-polemiki/2258-analiza-zewn%C4%99trznych-koszt%C3%B3w-spalania-w%C4%99gla-i-drewna-szacunki-dla-dom%C3%B3w-jednorodzinnych-w-polsce
Ligus, M., & Peternek, P. (2021). The Sustainable Energy Development Index—An Application for European Union Member States. Energies, 14(4), 1117. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041117
Mac Kinnon, M. A., Brouwer, J., & Samuelsen, S. (2018). The role of natural gas and its infrastructure in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, improving regional air quality, and renewable resource integration. Progress in Energy Combustion Science, 64, 62-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2017.10.002
MacKay, D. J. C. (2008). Sustainable Energy – without the hot Air. UIT Cambridge Ltd. https://climate.lifeitself.org/without-hot-air/
Ministerstwo Gospodarki. (2009). Polityka energetyczna Polski do 2030 roku. Załącznik nr 2 Prognoza zapotrzebowania na paliwa i energię do 2030 roku. https://wfosigw.wroclaw.pl/files/download_pl/773_polityka-energetyczna-polski-do-2030.pdf
Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska. (2019). Krajowy Plan na Rzecz Energii i Klimatu na lata 2021-2030. Założenia i cele oraz polityki i działania. https://www.gov.pl/web/klimat/krajowy-plan-na-rzecz-energii-i-klimatu
Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska. (2020). Polityka energetyczna Polski do 2040 roku. https://www.gov.pl/web/klimat/polityka-energetyczna-polski
Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska. (2021). Bilans energii pierwotnej w latach 2005-2020. https://www.are.waw.pl/component/phocadownload/category/21-bilans-energii-pierwotnej?download=70:bilans-energii-pierwotnej-w-latach-2005-2020
Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska. (2022). Założenia do aktualizacji Polityki energetycznej Polski do 2040 r. z marca 2022 r. https://www.gov.pl/web/klimat/zalozenia-do-aktualizacji-polityki-energetycznej-polski-do-2040-r
Mitchel, C. (2010). The Political Economy of Sustainable Energy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Moskwik, K., Nowakowski, R., Pinkas, A., Sienkiewicz, M., Sroka, P., & Węgrzyn, A. (2020). Gaz ziemny w procesie transformacji energetycznej w Polsce. Dolnośląski Instytut Studiów Energetycznych. Wrocław. https://dise.org.pl/raport2020/
NIK. (2022). Wdrażanie Programu Priorytetowego „Czyste Powietrze”. https://www.nik.gov.pl/plik/id,26690,vp,29488.pdf
Obwieszczenie Ministra Klimatu i Środowiska z dnia 2 marca 2021 r. Ocena realizacji poprzedniej polityki energetycznej państwa – PEP2030. Załącznik nr 1 do Polityka Energetyczna Państwa do 2040 r. https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP20210000264/O/M20210264.pdf
Patterson, W. (2009). Keeping the Lights On: Towards Sustainable Electricity. London: Earthscan.
Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32018R1999
Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2020 on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment, and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32020R0852
Schwartzkopff, J. (2022). The future role of gas in a climate-neutral Europe. https://eu.boell.org/en/future-role-of-gas
Streimikiene, D., & Sivickas, G. (2008). The EU sustainable energy policy indicators framework. Environment International, 34(8), 1227-1240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.04.008
Tsai, W. T. (2010). Energy sustainability from Analysis of sustainable development indicators: A case study in Taiwan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(7), 2131-2138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.03.027
Uchwała nr 39 Rady Ministrów z dnia 1 marca 2022 r. w sprawie przyjęcia "Polityki Surowcowej Państwa" (M. P. z 2022 r. poz. 371). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP20220000371
UN Global Compact and Accenture. (2011). Sustainable Energy for All: Opportunities for the Utilities Industry. https://silo.tips/download/sustainable-energy-for-all-opportunities-for-the-utilities-industry
WHO Regional Office for Europe. (2015). Economic cost of the health impact of air pollution in Europe: Clean air, health and wealth. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/276772/Economic-cost-health-impact-air-pollution-en.pdf
Wong, H. X., Lang, S., & Blanton, E. M. (2021). Market Policy and Political Implications of the Global Natural Gas Crisis: Forum Report. https://www.energypolicy.columbia.edu/publications/market-policy-and-political-implications-global-natural-gas-crisis-forum-report/
Xu, B., & Lin, B. (2019). Can expanding natural gas consumption reduce China's emissions? Energy Economics, 81, 393-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.04.012
Zieniewicz, R. (2022, October 21). Sprawdź, jak wzrosły koszty ogrzewania domu na przełomie 2022-2023 r. https://www.farmer.pl/energia/energia-konwencjonalna/sprawdz-jak-wzrosly-koszty-ogrzewania-domu-na-przelomie-2022-2023-r,124480.html
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Economics and Environment