Keywords
dug well
water quality
water pollutants
How to Cite
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the quality and compare the functional value of water from traditionally dug and drill wells located in west Poland. Basic physicochemical and microbiological (Escherichia coli in 100 ml, coliform bacteria in 100 ml, enterococci in 100 ml, total number of bacteria in 1 ml grown at 22 °C, total number of bacteria in 1 ml grown at 36 °C) were determination for the water samples. Additionally, some waters samples were analysed of the presence of heavy metals , TN (total nitrogen), TOC (total organic carbon) and NPOC (dissolved organic carbon). The conducted research has indicated that mineral and microbiological contamination occurs in the waters collected from the wells. This confirms that the wells were not sufficiently protected and that penetration of pollutants into the water occurs from their immediate surroundings, geological layers with which underground water resources come into contact.
References
Abbasnia, A., Yousefi, N., Mahvi, A. H., Nabizadeh, R., Radfard, M., Yousefi, M., & Alimohammadi, M. (2019). Evaluation of groundwater quality using water quality index and its suitability for assessing water for drinking and irrigation purposes: Case study of Sistan and Baluchistan province (Iran). Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 25(4), 988-1005. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1458596
Betonbest. (2022, February 20). Concrete and reinforced concrete coils TYPE II. https://www.betonbest.pl/kregi-typ-ii-57
Cierniak, D., Dymaczewski, Z., Jeż-Walkowiak, J., Makała, A., & Wyrwas, B. (2020). Impact of artificial infiltration on removal of surfactants in surface water treatment process. Desalination and Water Treatment, 199, 241-251. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.25738
Ciślak, M., & Michałkiewicz, M. (2021). Water quality in shallow dug wells – local and global problem. Technologia Wody, 3, 4-11.
El Baba, M., Kayastha, P., Huysmans, M., & de Smedt, F. (2020). Evaluation of the Groundwater Quality Using the Water Quality Index and Geostatistical Analysis in the Dier al-Balah Governorate, Gaza Strip, Palestine. Water, 12(1), 262. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010262
Gabryszewki, T., & Wieczysty, A. (1985). Groundwater intakes. Warszawa: Arkady.
GUS. (2020a, November 10). Exploitable groundwater resources in Poland in 2020. https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/dane/podgrup/tablica
GUS. (2020b, November 10). Exploitable groundwater resources in Poland in 2020. https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/dane/podgrup/wykres
GUS. (2021, November 15). Population using the water supply network in the Poznań district. https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/dane/podgrup/tablica
Hermanowicz, W., Dojlido, J., Dożańska, W., Koziorowski, B., & Zerbe, J. (1999). Physico-chemical testing of water and wastewater. Warszawa: Arkady.
Jha, M. K., Shekhar, A., & Jenifer, M. A. (2020). Assessing groundwater quality for drinking water supply using hybrid fuzzy-GIS-based water quality index. Water Research, 179, 115867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.115867
Kapembo, M. L., Mukeba, F. B., Sivalingam, P., Mukoko, J. B., Bokolo, M. K., Mulaji, C. K., Mpiana, J. W., & Poté, P. T. (2022). Survey of water supply and assessment of groundwater quality in the suburban communes of Selembao and Kimbanseke, Kinshasa in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 8, 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-021-00592-y
Kiedryńska, L., Papciak, D., & Granops, M. (2006). Sanitary chemistry. Warsaw: University of Life Sciences – SGGW.
Kowalski, A., Siepak, M., & Boszka, L. (2017). Mercury Contamination of Surface and Ground Waters of Poznań. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 16(1), 67-74.
MacDonald Gibson, J., & Pieper, K. J. (2017). Strategies to Improve Private-Well Water Quality: A North Carolina Perspective. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(7), 076001. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP890
Mahmoud, N., Zayed, O., & Petrusevski, B. (2022). Groundwater Quality of Drinking Water Wells in the West Bank, Palestine. Water, 14(3), 377. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030377
Michałkiewicz, M., & Mądrecka, B. (2014). Individual wells as a source of drinking water. In Z. Dymaczewki (Ed.), Water Supply and Water Quality (pp. 339-347). Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych, Oddział Wielkopolski.
Mohamed, A. K., Dan, L., Kai, S., Eldaw, E., & Abualela, S. (2019). Evaluating the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes in the North Chengdu Plain, China. E3S Web of Conferences, 81, 01006. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198101006
Ober, J., & Karwot, J. (2021). Tap Water Quality: Seasonal User Surveys in Poland. Energies, 14(13), 3841. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14133841
Olejniczak, D., Orczewska, A., & Gąsiorowska, M. (2020). Environmental protection program for the Poznań district for the years 2021-2025. https://www.bip.powiat.poznan.pl/plik,31999,tresc-programu.pdf
Piekarek, M. (2006). Installation of local water intake devices. Student’s guide. Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy. Radom. http://www.pcez-bytow.pl/download/plk/monter-r-d-a-wody-30.11.20.pdf
Przewłocki, O., Tkaczenko, A., & Czarnocki, K. (1966). Wells. Warszawa: Arkady.
PSH. (2021, November 15). Geoportal of the State Hydrogeological Service. http://epsh.pgi.gov.pl/epsh/
Regulation of the Minister of Health of 7 December 2017 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. Journal of Laws of 2017, item 2294.
Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure of 8 April 2019 on the technical conditions to be met by buildings and their location. Journal of Laws of 2019, item 1065.
Rodriguez-Narvaez, O. M., Peralta-Hernandez, J. M., Goonetilleke, A., & Bandala, E. R. (2017). Treatment technologies for emerging contaminants in water: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 323, 361-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.04.106
Romero, L. G., Mondardo, R. I., Sens, M. L., & Grischek, T. (2014). Removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins during lake bank filtration at Lagoa do Peri, Brazil. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 16, 1133-1143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-014-0715-x
Sadurski, A., & Przytuła, E. (2016). Disposable groundwater resources of river basins in Poland in the light of sustainable management. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 466, 261-270.
Water Engineering. (2022, January 11). Well water – types, causes and effects of pollution. https://inzynieriawody.pl/woda-ze-studni-rodzaje-przyczyny-i-skutki-zanieczyszczen/
Ximenes, M., Duffy, B., Faria, M. J., & Neely, K. (2018). Initial observations of water quality indicators in the unconfined shallow aquifer in Dili City, Timor-Leste: suggestions for its management. Environmental Earth Sciences, 77, 711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7902-8
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Economics and Environment