Keywords
road dust
geochemical background
bus stop
How to Cite
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the content of Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd and Fe in dust from bus stops in Białystok and their degree of contamination. Road dust samples were collected from 28 bus stops located on expressways, near low-rise buildings, shopping centres, and in green areas. Geochemical background levels were exceeded by three (Zn) to nine (Cu) times. In the case of Ni and Cr, the exceedance was six to eight times. Sources of heavy metals in dust were identified. Correlation, FA, and CA results showed homology between elements associated with car tyre abrasion, brake wear and corrosion of vehicles and road infrastructure. The impact of heavy metals on the health of residents was determined. The hazard quotient (HQ) showed that ingestion was the dominant route of exposure for people exposed to dust particles, followed by skin contact and inhalation. According to the health risk assessment, the overall non-carcinogenic risk at the bus stops examined in Białystok was low.
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