https://ekonomiaisrodowisko.pl/journal/issue/feedEconomics and Environment2024-03-29T16:09:29+01:00Elzbieta Broniewicz, Editor in Chiefczasopismo@fe.org.plOpen Journal Systems<p><strong>Welcome to the website of the Journal "Economics and Environment"</strong></p> <p>The journal "Economics and Environment" is an international quarterly journal in the economics of environment and natural resources published in Poland. It has existed since 1992. The reference version of the Journal is the electronic version.</p> <p><strong>e-ISSN </strong>2300-6420, <strong>ISSN </strong>0867-8898</p> <p>This is the Journal of the <a href="http://psesizn.pl/">Polish Association of Environmental and Resource Economists.</a></p> <p><strong>Impact Factor = 0.4</strong></p> <p><strong>CiteScore (2022) = 0.8</strong></p> <p>Value according to the Polish Ministry of Education and Science: <strong>100 points.</strong></p> <p><strong>Fields and disciplines of science:</strong></p> <p><strong>1. Engineering and technology:</strong> architecture and urban planning, civil engineering and transport, environmental engineering, mining and energy</p> <p><strong>2. Agricultural sciences:</strong> forestry; agriculture and horticulture</p> <p><strong>3. Social sciences:</strong> economics and finance; social and economic geography and spatial management; management and quality studies; law</p> <p><strong>4. The field of science and natural sciences:</strong> biotechnology</p> <p><span style="color: #000000;"><em>Economics and Environment</em> is an<strong> Open Access</strong> journal that allows free unlimited access to its contents without any restrictions upon publication to all users. It provides access to its content under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license</a>. Authors who publish with our journal agree to make the submitted article available under the terms of the above-mentioned <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license</a>. </span> </p> <p> </p>https://ekonomiaisrodowisko.pl/journal/article/view/731The effect of natural resources and foreign direct investment on economic growth2024-03-28T16:08:45+01:00Fouad Mahfoudibilal.louail@nbu.edu.saSiham Riachebilal.louail@nbu.edu.saBilal Louailbilal.louail@nbu.edu.sa<p>The proposed research aims to examine The Impact of Natural Resources and Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Algeria during the period 1970-2021 and compare it with the Saudi economy, which is considered the closest economy in terms of natural resources. Analyse the factors influencing economic diversification and innovation. The research seeks to understand the impact of natural resources, including oil and gas, on the Algerian economy and study the factors influencing sustainable development and economic diversification. This research employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The findings suggest that, in total, there is The Impact of Natural Resources and Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Algeria during the period 1970-2021. The positive correlation between resources and economic growth highlights resource extraction's role in Algeria's economic development. It underscores the need for diversification to reduce dependence on commodity markets. The research focuses solely on economic factors, neglecting social and political dynamics. Limited data availability may constrain the depth of analysis, potentially overlooking nuances in the relationship between natural resources, FDI, and economic growth. The findings offer insights for Algerian policymakers to develop strategies for sustainable economic growth, emphasising the need for diversification beyond natural resources. Recommendations may inform policy decisions aimed at fostering innovation, reducing dependency on volatile resource sectors, and promoting environmental sustainability.</p>2024-03-28T00:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Economics and Environmenthttps://ekonomiaisrodowisko.pl/journal/article/view/701Exposure to the ESG risk of the Polish banking sector2024-03-22T16:05:57+01:00Irena Pykairena.pyka@ue.katowice.plAleksandra Nocońaleksandra.nocon@ue.katowice.pl<p>The main aim of the article is to explore changes taking place in ESG risk management in the Polish banking sector. The following research methods were used: in-depth literature studies, desk research methods, questionnaire survey methods, case study analyses, and observation and synthesis methods. The article verified the adopted research hypothesis, stating that knowledge and awareness of the importance of ESG risk in commercial banks in Poland increased, which is reflected in practical activities related to their bank risk management systems. The research that was conducted showed that Polish banks are increasingly aware of the ESG risk and the need for their inclusion in risk management processes. This inclusion takes place through various channels. However, an important aspect of this system is the assessment of banks' exposure to ESG risk. Commercial banks in Poland use mainly qualitative methods, although they also recognise quantitative ones to measure the scale of ESG risk taken.</p>2024-03-20T00:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Economics and Environmenthttps://ekonomiaisrodowisko.pl/journal/article/view/596Economic and environmental analyses of the construction of on-site, large-scale photovoltaic farms 2024-03-22T16:07:31+01:00Bartosz Zegardlobart.z@wp.plNatalia Pogonowskaa.pogonowska@uph.edu.plAntoni Bombika.bombik@uph.edu.pl<p>This paper addresses the construction of large-scale photovoltaic farms. The paper describes the issues of the current overconsumption of energy from traditional sources and the associated overuse of fossil fuels. Alternatives to these processes are presented based on literature sources, and the use of renewable energy sources, focusing on solar energy, is recommended here. In the research section, attention was focused on the economic and environmental aspects of ventures involving the construction of large-scale farms by manufacturing companies with high monthly energy consumption. In the first stage of the work, economic analyses were carried out based on data obtained from photovoltaic installation companies. For the simulation, an assessment of the costs and benefits of building a photovoltaic farm for a steel construction company located in eastern Poland was used. Another element of the research part of the study was an analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey, which was conducted among people living in the vicinity of such farms. On this basis, the environmental impact of neighbouring areas of this type of investment was estimated. Positive conclusions from the analyses made it possible to recommend the construction of this type of facility, especially for manufacturing plants with high electricity consumption.</p>2024-03-20T00:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Economics and Environmenthttps://ekonomiaisrodowisko.pl/journal/article/view/667Evaluating the landfill leachate quality using leachate pollution index (LPI) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS)2024-03-22T16:06:11+01:00Izabela Anna Tałałaji.talalaj@pb.edu.plSławomira Hajduks.hajduk@pb.edu.pl<p>Variability and diversity of landfill leachate cause difficulties in assessing the actual degree of threat to the environment and selecting an appropriate method of disposal or treatment. Therefore, quantifying leachate contamination potential is essential in landfill management and could be used to assess the accuracy of landfill operation and its impact on surrounding areas. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the performance of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method and its suitability in determining leachate pollution potential in comparison to the Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) method. For this purpose, the quality of leachate from the landfill, collected four times a year from 2004 to 2021, was analysed. The following parameters were monitored: pH, EC, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Hg. On the basis of the measured parameters, the LPI and TOPSIS indexes were calculated. The obtained results indicated that the TOPSIS method is more sensitive and accurate in observing changes in leachate quality. It can be applied to any number of contaminant parameters without restrictions on scope, quantity, or their relative importance. It can also be used to compare the variations in leachate quality over time or to analyse differences in leachate quality among various landfill sites.</p>2024-03-20T00:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Economics and Environmenthttps://ekonomiaisrodowisko.pl/journal/article/view/751Broiler production from the perspective of emergy analysis - environmental impact scenarios2024-03-29T16:09:29+01:00ANNA KUCZUKa.kuczuk@po.edu.plJANUSZ POSPOLITAj.pospolita@po.edu.pl<p>Poultry meat consumption is a significant element in Poland's overall food consumption. Economic considerations mean that both nationally and globally, conventional intensive rearing dominates. Nevertheless, environmental and health aspects or the will to treat animals humanely make pro-environmental rearing systems increasingly common. The purpose of this article is an environmental analysis of an example farm engaged in intensive rearing of slaughtered poultry (so-called baseline production). For the analysed production, the following scenarios of changes were proposed: (a) conventional rearing based on the use of own fodder, and (b) organic rearing using free range and own organic fodder. An emergy approach was applied in this analysis. Comparison of different production systems using emergy analysis made it possible to show the scale of environmental resource commitment for baseline and scenario-based productions, and to determine the amount of renewable and non-renewable emergy consumed per unit of production. Through the use of selected emergy indicators, e.g.: Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR), Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR), the environmental impact for each case was determined. For the ecological system scenario, the need to change production parameters (stocking rate, maximum poultry house area, free range) was taken into account. The results of the emergy-based indicators showed that the baseline production places the greatest burden on the environment and is the least sustainable. The organic system is the opposite; however, due to production limitations and the lower production efficiency achieved, it may not be economically viable to orient a farm exclusively to the organic system. In an environmental assessment, the information obtained can provide valuable guidance to agricultural producers. They can help make informed decisions on natural resource management to achieve environmental security. The results are also important for political decision-makers in creating policies for more sustainable agricultural production. The results obtained are discussed, pointing out the importance of the analysis used mainly from an environmental point of view.</p>2024-03-29T00:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Economics and Environmenthttps://ekonomiaisrodowisko.pl/journal/article/view/610Development of the tourism function of rural areas of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship in 2010 and 20202024-03-22T16:07:18+01:00Zbigniew Brodzińskikontur@uwm.edu.plKonrad Turkowskikontur@uwm.edu.pl<p>Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship is a characteristic region of Poland due to its natural conditions, which means that the economy is primarily agricultural and touristic. One of the main, innovative directions of non-agricultural activities supported in the rural areas of the region is rural tourism together, implemented as part of the smart specialisation "Water economy". Analysis of 19 selected indicators of tourism, tourism development and potential, as well as technical infrastructure and finances of communes, showed that in 2010 of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship, the level of development of the tourism function of the rural areas was characterised by an average value of the synthetic Hellwig measure (0.13) and showed strong spatial heterogeneity. In 2020, under conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, this measure decreased only slightly to a value of 0.11, primarily due to the continuation of the region's tourism development planned for the long term. The spatial arrangement of the development of the tourism function in the analysed years remained virtually unchanged. The highest values for the development of the tourism function, both in 2010 and in 2020, were recorded in municipalities located in the area of the Great Mazurian Lakes, Powiśle and the other lake districts of the region.</p>2024-03-20T00:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Economics and Environmenthttps://ekonomiaisrodowisko.pl/journal/article/view/740Concept of pocket gardens on the campus of Bialystok University of Technology as a result of a survey of the academic community2024-03-22T16:05:30+01:00Dorota Gawrylukd.gawryluk@pb.edu.plIzabela Biała78103@student.pb.edu.plMagda Gawrychowska78135@student.pb.edu.pl<p>Green areas of university campuses are an important resource for them, performing a variety of functions important for the functioning of the university, the well-being of the academic community, the environment and the green system of the city. The purpose of this study was to determine the preferences of the academic community, with particular emphasis on students, as to the functionality that campus green spaces should fulfil today. The methodology of the research work included a diagnostic survey method, the technique of which was surveying, and the tool was a survey questionnaire. Analysis of the results of a survey conducted among students at the Bialystok University of Technology (Bialystok, Poland) made it possible to determine the needs and expectations regarding the development of campus green areas. The concept of pocket gardens accommodates responses and solutions to students' expectations. The analysis of the student community's opinions served to implement the tasks of the "My Green Polytechnic" strategy conducted on the Bialystok University of Technology campus. The results of the survey and the experience of its implementation can be useful to various institutions in making decisions on green space management.</p>2024-03-22T00:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Economics and Environmenthttps://ekonomiaisrodowisko.pl/journal/article/view/632Consumers' motives for engaging in second-hand clothing circulation in terms of sustainable consumption 2024-03-22T16:06:23+01:00Agnieszka Ciechelskaagnieszka.ciechelska@ue.wroc.plMarta Kusterka-Jefmańskamarta.kusterka-jefmanska@ue.wroc.plSabina Zaremba-Warnkesabina.zaremba-warnke@ue.wroc.pl<p>An increase in the number of consumers engaging in second-hand clothing (in short, SHC) circulation is indicated as one of the main ways to balance the consumption of clothes. Therefore, the motives of consumers engaging in SHC circulation are an important issue that requires cyclical and in-depth research. This article aimed to examine consumers' motives for engaging in SHC circulation in the context of the implementation of sustainable clothing consumption in selected European countries. In order to accomplish the objective, 547 CAWI questionnaire interviews were conducted with consumers from five countries: Germany, Sweden, Slovenia, Lithuania and Poland. The main motives for engaging in SHC circulation indicated by respondents are directly - the ecological and altruistic motive - and indirectly - the economic motive - linked to the idea of sustainable consumption. At the same time, it should be noted that consumers are guided by several motives simultaneously, and despite pro-environmental declarations, in most cases, they are also guided by economic motives. The study results can be applied to improving waste management systems and, in particular, campaigns promoting SHC circulation.</p>2024-03-20T00:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Economics and Environmenthttps://ekonomiaisrodowisko.pl/journal/article/view/625Trends in the livestock and pork market in Poland with regard to the environmental impact of this production direction 2024-03-22T16:06:37+01:00Anna Olszańskaanna.olszanska@ue.wroc.plAnna Sylwia Kowalskaanna.kowalska@ue.wroc.plJoanna Szymańskajoanna.szymanska@ue.wroc.plKlaudia Paskudzkaklaudia.gurkowa@ue.wroc.plIvan Soukalivan.soukal@uhk.cz<p>After joining the European Union, the market economy continued to drive structural changes in meat production and processing. Unfortunately, the functioning of meat markets was impacted by several threats with significant adverse influence. Phenomena such as the spread of ASF disease, the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union or the Covid-19 epidemic added instability to the already cyclical pork market. The study aims to evaluate the functioning of Poland’s pork market and to identify the main trend in this market. Livestock and pork meat production in Poland form a significant economic sector; however, it creates considerable environmental challenges. The study focuses on key aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, feed consumption, and waste management. The study covers the years 2004-2021, i.e., the period of seventeen years after Poland's accession to the European Union. The statistical data analysis methods showed four to three-year cycles in pork live stock with a decreasing amplitude over time and high and relatively stable domestic demand for pork. This provides a favourable foundation for future production direction. However, the systematic changes in the structure of meat consumption and price development led to a steady increase in the share of poultry meat at the expense of pork and bovine during the observed year span.</p>2024-03-20T00:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Economics and Environmenthttps://ekonomiaisrodowisko.pl/journal/article/view/614The implementation of the “Clear air” Programme in Poland including voivodeships 2024-03-22T16:07:05+01:00Dariusz Rajcheld.rajchel@po.edu.plAnna Rajchela.rajchel@po.edu.pl<p>Air pollution is a global problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Climate warming, increasingly difficult access to drinking water resources, and desertification of areas have all resulted in population migrations in search of better areas to live and work. High mortality rates due to smog and crop, soil, and water pollution are just some of the problems facing the whole civilised world. In 2019, in response to these and other climate challenges, the EU adopted the Green Deal, a strategy whereby the EU member states have committed to an energy transition. Climate neutrality, according to the document, should be achieved by 2050. From 2018 to 2029, the government program “Clean Air” will be implemented in Poland with the aim of reducing environmentally damaging emissions from heating single-family houses with harmful fuel in old and polluting stoves. The article presents the program's assumptions in relation to the priorities of the European Green Deal and statistical data concerning the replacement of boilers under the “Clean Air” program by province, the use of various heat sources in Poland, as well as the demand for each heat source based on the number of applications submitted. The paper highlights two aspects related to the functioning of the “Clean Air” program, the first of which is economic in character and pertains to heat source replacement costs, whilst the second concerns the management of renewable energy sources. Statistical data referred to in this article were finalised as of December 2022.</p>2024-03-20T00:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Economics and Environmenthttps://ekonomiaisrodowisko.pl/journal/article/view/725Conditions and possibilities of using e-logistics in manufacturing enterprises2024-03-22T16:05:43+01:00Daniel Tokarskidaniel.tokarski@uni.lodz.plMaciej Bieleckimaciej.bielecki@uni.lodz.pl<p><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Progressing globalisation, competitiveness and implemented technological innovations constitute important challenges for enterprises operating in such a turbulent environment. Organisations are forced to adapt much faster and more flexibly to rapidly changing market conditions. Manufacturing companies realise that it is impossible to meet market requirements by constantly using conventional methods of operation, especially in the sphere of physical flows of goods, information and financial resources, for which logistics is responsible. One of the solutions that can support manufacturing companies is e-logistics, which enriches logistics phases and processes in the sphere of information technology (IT) and information and communication technologies (ICT). The aim of the study is to identify the conditions and possibilities of using e-logistics in Polish manufacturing enterprises.<br /></span></p>2024-03-20T00:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Economics and Environmenthttps://ekonomiaisrodowisko.pl/journal/article/view/619Heating and cooling degree-days vs climate change in years 1979-2021. Evidence from the European Union and Norway2024-03-22T16:06:50+01:00Sylwia Pangsy-Kaniasylwia.pangsy-kania@ug.edu.plJustyna Biegańskajustyna.bieganska@ug.edu.plFloros Flourosflourosf@yahoo.comAneta Sokółaneta.dorota@wp.pl<p>Energy consumption depends strongly on weather conditions. Thus, to formulate energy-related policy goals, it is crucial to monitor changes related to the heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD) – widely applied indicators of climate change. The study investigated the impact that climate change (global warming) exerted on the number of HDD and CDD, as well as the weather-related final energy consumption of the European households (EU-27 and Norway), based on data derived from Eurostat for the period 1979-2021. The results indicate that the changes in HDD and CDD constituted non-linear functions of the country’s average temperature, with the largest percentage changes observed in the warmest (in the case of HDD) and the coldest (in the case of CDD) portion of European countries. As indicated by estimations based on first-difference linear regression models, climate change has contributed so far to the net decrease in weather-related energy consumption of households.</p>2024-03-20T00:00:00+01:00Copyright (c) 2024 Economics and Environment